SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM

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SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM FOR LIQUID
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS BY Er. V.S.
SIWACH, CHIEF ENGINEER PANCHAYATI RAJ PUBLIC
WORKS, HARYANA AND Er. SHANKAR JINDAL,
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER PANCHAYATI RAJ PUBLIC
WORKS, CHANDIGARH
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introduction

• Disposal of waste water a major problem in
  rural areas.
• Stagnant waste water leads to
• Unabated growth wild grass, hyacinth etc.
• Unhygienic conditions
• Bad odour
• Breeding place for mosquitoes resulting in spread
  of diseases like dengue, malaria etc.

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Village ponds an overview

• Ponds in the villages were meant for cattles,
  clean water storage, ground water recharging etc.
• Existing ponds converted into cess pools due to
• Discharging of effluents from streets/ drains
• Deposition of sullage inhibits percolation
• Growth of aquatic weeds due to nutrient
  enrichment
• Run-off from cow dung/ solid waste dumps around
  the pond
• Capacity of the existing ponds also needs to be
  increased.

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TYPES OF WASTEWATER

• Grey water
• Waste water from bathroom, kitchen (except
  toilet).
• 90 of the waste water in villages is grey
  water.
• Requires less treatment than black water.
• Generally contain fewer pathogens.
• Black water
• Waste water mixed with waste from toilets.
• Requires biological or chemical treatment and
  disinfection before reuse.

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Technological OPTIONS

• Household level Management
• Kitchen Garden with piped root zone system
• Kitchen Garden without root zone system
• Leach Pit
• Soakage Pit

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Technological OPTIONS

• Community Level Management
• At public places on site
• Plantation with intercepting chamber
• Community leach pit
• Soakway Channel
• Simple process of reuse of grey water
• Root Zone System

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Technological OPTIONS

• Off site Management
• Drainage System for collection and transportation
• Final Treatment
• - Sullage Stabilization Pond System
• - Screening, Sedimentation and Filtration system
• - Stabilization Tank System

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Sullage Stabilization Pond System
The system has three components Anaerobic
Pond Facultative Pond Maturation Pond
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Sullage Stabilization Pond System
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Sullage Stabilization Pond System
Sizes The sizes of the ponds have to be calculated to commensurate with the retention time and the quality of effluents discharging from the village Sizes The sizes of the ponds have to be calculated to commensurate with the retention time and the quality of effluents discharging from the village Sizes The sizes of the ponds have to be calculated to commensurate with the retention time and the quality of effluents discharging from the village Sizes The sizes of the ponds have to be calculated to commensurate with the retention time and the quality of effluents discharging from the village
Population Anaerobic Facultative Aerobic
1000 35x24x10 64x21x5 64x21x5
2000 37x25x10 90x30x5 90x30x5
3000 45x30x10 110x37x5 110x37x5
4000 60x40x10 143x47x5 143x47x5
Note Sizes may be increased as per site
conditions/ sizes of existing ponds
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Sullage Stabilization Pond System

• Anaerobic Pond
• Should have a depth of 10 feet.
• Grey water reaching this pond has high solid
  content.
• Retention Period - 2 days.
• Solids - settle at the bottom and are digested
  anaerobically.
• Partially clarified liquid outflows into
  facultative pond.

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Sullage Stabilization Pond System

• Facultative Pond
• Should have a depth of 5 feet.
• Retention period is 3 to 5 days.
• Oxidation of grey water takes place.
• Upper layer - aerobic conditions.
• Lower layer - anaerobic conditions.
• Aeration from air through the surface

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Sullage Stabilization Pond System

• Oxidation due to oxygen liberated through
  photosynthetic activity of algae growing in the
  pond due to availability of plant nutrients, from
  bacterial metabolism in water and the incident
  light energy from sun.
• The pond bacteria utilize the algal oxygen to
  metabolise the organic content of grey water.

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Sullage Stabilization Pond System

• Maturation Pond
• Size and retention time - same as facultative
  pond.
• The stabilized water from facultative pond is led
  to this pond.
• Main function is destruction of pathogens.
• Conditions are wholly aerobic.

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General guidelines

• Existing ponds, if in abadi area, be revived for
  clean water storage, wherever feasible.
• Intercept drains/ nalas - to receive effluents
  from streets/ drains and carry it away from the
  abadi area.
• New ponds be dug up at suitable sites (keeping in
  view natural gradient of terrain and direction of
  air flow) for storage and treatment of effluents.
  
• Wherever intercept drains/nalas are not feasible,
  existing ponds have to be remodeled for storage
  and treatment of effluents.

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Construction methodology

• Diversion of waste water
• Draining out the pond
• De-silting of pond
• Construction of embankment
• Pipes and other fittings
• Provision of out flow for subsequent use in
  agriculture/ horticulture/ fish farming/ ground
  water recharging etc.
• Beautification and plantation.

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Action plan

• Coverage of some villages (minimum one village
  per block) in each district as pilot project with
  the financial assistance of State Government.
• Creating awareness, motivation, and sensitivity
  among Gram Panchayats/ Villagers to trigger the
  scheme.
• Total coverage in a Mission Mode with active
  involvement of PRIs and dovetailing of funds
  under MGNREGA, TSC, PRI fund, MPLADS, local
  contribution etc.