Discussion One Professor Estenson Slides

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Discussion OneProfessor Estenson Slides

• Basic Motivation Concepts
• Why do human behave the way they do?

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3 Groups of Motivational Theories

• Internal
• Suggest that variables within the individual give
  rise to motivation and behavior
• Example Maslows hierarchy of needs theory
• Process
• Emphasize the nature of the interaction between
  the individual and the environment
• Example Expectancy theory
• External
• Focus on environmental elements to explain
  behavior
• Example Two-factor theory

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Early Philosophers of Motivational Theories

• Max Weber
• work contributes to salvation
• Protestant work ethic
• Sigmund Freud
• delve into the unconscious mind to better
  understand a persons motives and needs

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Early Philosophers of Motivational Theories

• Adam Smith
• enlightened self-interest that which is in the
  best interest and benefit to the individual and
  to other people
• Frederick Taylor
• founder of scientific management emphasized
  cooperation between management and labor to
  enlarge company profits

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Safety and Security
Physiological
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Motivational Theories X and YMcGregor
Theory X A set of assumptions of how to manage
individuals who are motivated by lower order
needs Theory Y A set of assumptions of how to
manage individuals who are motivated by higher
order needs
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McClellands Need TheoryNeed for Achievement

• Need for Achievement a manifest (easily
  perceived) need that concerns individuals issues
  of excellence, competition, challenging goals,
  persistence, and overcoming difficulties

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McClellands Need TheoryNeed for Power

• Need for Power a manifest (easily perceived)
  need that concerns an individuals need to make
  an impact on others, influence others, change
  people or events, and make a difference in life

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McClellands Need TheoryNeed for Affiliation

• Need for Affiliation a manifest (easily
  perceived) need that concernsan individuals
  needto establish and maintain warm, close,
  intimate relationships with other people

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Adams Theory of Inequity

• Inequity the situation in which a person
  perceives he or she is receiving less than he or
  she is giving, or is giving less than he or she
  is receiving

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Equity and Inequity at Work
Person Comparison other
Equity Outcomes Outcomes Inputs Inputs
Negative Outcomes lt Outcomes Equity Inputs
Inputs
Positive Outcomes gt Outcomes Equity Inputs
Inputs
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Expectancy Model of Motivation
Performance
Reward
Effort
Effort
Perceived effort performance probability
Perceived performance reward probability
What rewards do I value?
Perceived value of reward
What are my chances of getting the job done if I
put forth the necessary effort?
What are my chances of getting the rewards I
value if I satisfactorily complete the job?
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Job Characteristics Model

• Skill Variety
• Task Identity
• Task Significance
• Autonomy
• Feedback

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Rule BreakingFirst break all the rules What the
worlds greatest managers do differently.
Buckingham Coffman

• Do I know what is expected of me at work?
• Do I have the materials and equipment I need to
  do my best work right?
• At work, do I have the opportunity to do what I
  do best every day?
• In the last seven days, have I received
  recognition or praise for doing good work?
• Does my manager, or someone at work, seem to care
  about me as a person?
• Is there someone at work who encourages my
  development?
• At work, do my opinions seem to count?
• Does the mission/purpose of my organization make
  me feel my job is important?
• Are my co-workers committed to doing quality
  work?
• Do I have a best friend at work?
• In the last six months, has someone at work
  talked to me about my progress?
• This last year, have I had opportunities at work
  to learn and grow?

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Discussion One

• Personality and Emotions

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Personality

• The sum total of ways in which an individual
  reacts and interacts with others.

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Contributing Factors

• Heredity
• Hardwired parts of the brain that maybe modified
  through experience
• Environment
• External pressures that modify brain functions

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Personality Traits

• Meyers-Briggs
• Extroverted (outgoing, sociable and assertive)
  vs. Introverted (quiet and shy)
• Sensing (practical and prefer routines and order)
  vs. Intuitive (rely on unconscious processes)
• Thinking (reason and logic) vs. Feeling (personal
  values and emotion)
• Judging (want control) vs. Perceiving (flexible)

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Five factor model of personality

• Extroversion (gregarious, assertive, and social.
  Introversion (reserved, timid, quiet)
• Agreeableness (cooperative, warm and trusting.
  Low Agreeableness (cold, disagreeable, and
  antagonistic)
• Conscientiousness (responsible, organized,
  dependable, and persistent). Low scores (easily
  distracted, disorganized, and unreliable)
• Emotional Stability (calm, self-confident, and
  secure) Low scores (nervous, anxious, depressed,
  and insecure)
• Openness to Experience (creative, curious, and
  artistically sensitive). Low scores (conventional
  and comfortable with the familiar)

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Major Personality Attributes

• Locus of Control
• Machiavellianism
• Ends justifies means. If it works use it
• Self-Esteem
• Degree people like or dislike themselves
• Self-Monitoring
• Ability of adjusting behavior to match external
  situations
• Risk Taking
• Type A B personalities
• Type A- in motion, impatient, multi-tasking,
  cannot relax, obsessed with numbers and
  acquisition of things
• Proactive personality
• Identify opportunities, show initiative, take
  action, and preserver

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Locus of Control(Master of own fate)

• Internals
• They control what happens to them
• Externals
• What happens to them depends on forces outside
  their control such as luck or chance.

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Emotions

• Affect
• Broad range of feelings that people experience
• Emotions
• Intense feelings that are directed at someone
  else or something
• Moods
• Less intense than emotions and not tied to
  situation.

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• Felt
• Actual emotions
• Displayed
• Emotions required by organization or position
• Emotional dissonance
• Inconsistency between how we feel and emotions we
  must project

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Emotional Intelligence

• Self-Awareness
• Self-Management
• Self-Motivation
• Empathy
• Social Skills