America and the British Empire, 1650-1754

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America and the British Empire, 1650-1754
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Three Distinct Regions

• New England
• NH, MA, RI, CN
• Middle Colonies
• NJ, NY, PN, DE
• Southern Colonies
• NC, SC, GA, VA, MD

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Geography
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Non-Indian Pop. of Chesapeake
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Chesapeake Region Pop.
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Early Efforts at Colonizing North America
(Jamestown, Plymouth)

• Little success, much death
• No real profits being returned home to England
  and shareholders
• Indian disputes, disease, lack of women make
  community-building nearly impossible

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Housing
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Maryland and the Calverts

• Retreat for English Catholics and spectacular
  real estate investment
• Protestants outnumber Catholics

• Free worship for Christians
• Given freedom by the crown
• Had to pay an annual fee
• Complete oversight of activities

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Bacons Rebellion

• Western landholders unhappy with rule from the
  east, strike out against natives against orders
• Turns into revolt against the entire govt of VA
• Results
• Shows settlers breaking treaties with natives
• Power of the masses against the established govt

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Other English Colonies

• Caribbean
• Sugar and rum
• Slave pop. outnumbers English
• 7 major slave revolts

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Refining Sugar
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Leaving Massachusetts Behind

• Williams founds RI
• Complete separation of church and state
• Jews allowed religious freedom
• Hutchinson leads movement to NH
• She dies before establishment
• Followed RI principles of religion

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Rhode Island
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New England Colonies

• Commerce, alongside agriculture, dominate economy
• Cold weather, rocky terrain limited farming
• Boston and Newport develop

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New England
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New England Pop
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Middle Colonies

• More suitable soil than in NE, led to wheat as a
  staple crop
• Philadelphia and NYC develop as major cities

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Southern Colonies

• Climate lends itself to large-scale agriculture
• Dependence on slave labor, SC pop. over 50 slave
• Charlestown develops

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Mercantilism

• Sought to maximize the wealth of the mother
  country
• Used colonies as a source of raw materials
• Mother country processes materials and can sell
  finished goods (back to the colonies in particular

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Triangular (Rum) Trade
Europeans use slave labor to produce in New
World, sell goods in Europe, trade goods for
slaves in Africa, and repeat
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Slavery in America

• Native pop. dies off
• Cultivation of tobacco (and sugar in the
  Caribbean) requires intense labor
• Importation of Africans into the sugar islands
  begins
• Slaves sold to English colonies on the mainland

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Slaves Imported to America
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Slaves as of Population