Handling and Storage of High Moisture Co-Products from Ethanol production in Beef Operations

1
Handling and Storage of High Moisture
Co-Products from Ethanol production in Beef
Operations

• Ashley Nelson, Joel Baskett, Kelsey Vincent
• Agricultural Systems Technology Seniors
• Dan Loy, Daryl Strohbehn
• Animal Science Department
• Carl Bern, Tom Brumm
• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
  Deoartmnent Iowa State
  University

2
Introduction

• Background
• Objective
• Procedure
• Results Discussion
• Recommendations
• Acknowledgements
• Sources
• Questions

3
Background Ethanol Production

• Alcohol produced from starch or sugar-based
  feedstocks
• Common feedstock sources in the Midwest
• corn
• barley
• wheat
• milo
• Projected12-13 billion gallons of ethanol in 2009
  
• Two common methods
• Dry mill production
• Wet mill production

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Background Ethanol Co-Products
Corn Oil

• Dry milling
• distillers grains
• distillers solubles
• carbon dioxide
• Wet Milling
• corn gluten meal
• corn gluten feed
• corn germ meal
• corn oil
• carbon dioxide
• high fructose corn syrups

Distillers Grain
http//images.inmagine.com/168nwm/pixtal/pt168/CD1
68077.jpg
Corn Gluten Meal
Strohbehn
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0357476/Corn_Gluten_Meal.jpg
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Background Distillers Grains

• Three types
• Dry distillers grains (DDG)
• 10 moisture content
• Wet distillers grains (WDG)
• 65 moisture content
• Distillers grains with solubles (DDGS/WDGS)
• 48-52 moisture content

DDG
Strohbehn
WDG
DDGS/WDGS
Strohbehn
http//www.pinalenergyllc.com/images/E0164201/WDGS
.JPG
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Background Storage of High Moisture Co-Products

• Containment of co-products until final use
• Common storage and preservation practices
• Additives
• Mixing with feedstuff
• Chemical preservation
• Fresh piles
• Covered
• Uncovered
• Bunk-contained
• Silage bags

Strohbehn
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Background Handling of High Moisture Co-Products

• Processing and delivery from storage site to
  animal feed site
• Common handling equipment
• Loader
• Mixer/feeder

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ents/keenan-mixing-wagon.jpg
http//www.farmequipmentunlimited.com/watkinskubot
a/mloader_grapple.jpg
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Objective

• Determine and understand practices and procedures
  users are employing in storage and handling of
  high moisture co-products
• Identify problems users have with the practices
  and procedures
• Discover areas for equipment and practice
  improvements

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Procedure

• Collaborate with Iowa Beef Center (IBC) to define
  need in research area
• Surveys on understanding of topic from
• Beef Producers operation
• Veterinarian and Feed Specialists (clients
  operation)
• Compiled data into Excel spreadsheets
• Statistical analysis of data
• Wrote publication for IBC

www.proteinpower.com/drmike/wp-content/uploads
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Procedure

• The surveys
• Collaborated with IBC
• Funded by Leopold Center for Sustainable
  Agriculture grant
• Two separate surveys
• Common practices by users
• Known problems associated with high moisture
  products
• Determine research areas

• Total scope included 2,309 subjects from all over
  Iowa
• 2,145 Beef Producers
• 337 were completed returned
• 11 return rate
• 164 Veterinarians Feed Specialists
• 49 were completed returned
• 30 return rate

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Results Discussion

• Beef Producer Study Results

• Veterinarian Feed Specialist Study Results

• 45 use high moisture co-products
• 44 do not feed them
• 11 used them, but have discontinued

• 94 of clients use high moisture co-products
• Remaining clients have used them, but
  discontinued
• Storage problems
• Inconsistency in product quality

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Results Discussion

• Beef Producer Study Results

• Veterinarian Feed Specialist Study Results

This differs from Beef Producers, as 64 say
they combine it with unspoiled product, and 28
separate discard it.
59 of producers are willing to pay 5 or less
per ton for extended shelf life
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Results Discussion

• Beef Producer Study Results

• Veterinarian Feed Specialist Study Results

• Top practices willing to try to extend shelf life
• Preservatives (chemical biological)
• Temporary storage (silage bags/plastic cover)

• Top practices willing to recommend to extend
  shelf life
• Temporary storage (silage bags/plastic cover)
• Permanent storage surface (concrete slab)

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Results Discussion

• Veterinarian Feed Specialist Study Results

• Co-products are fed to grazing cattle by 76 of
  clients
• Primary reasons include
• Enhance nutrition
• Increase carrying capacities

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Results Discussion

• Beef Producer Study Results

• Veterinarian Feed Specialist Study Results

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Results Discussion

• Beef Producer Study Results

• Veterinarian Feed Specialist Study Results

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Results Discussion

• Beef Producer Study Results

• Challenges adjusted by Producers feeding
• co-products
• Order of ingredients (84)
• Mixing time (47)
• Type of equipment (20)

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Results Discussion

• Beef Producer Study Results

• Veterinarian Feed Specialist Study Results

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Results Discussion

• Agreement between groups
• Acceptable amount of spoilage of 1-10
• Moisture variation
• Load-by-load, plant differences
• Causes problems with transportation, storage,
  handling
• Metering problems when trying to handle and
  transport co-products

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Recommendations

• Suggested areas of design for easier delivery
  include
• Systems for smaller feeders in cow/calf
  operations to utilize both WDGS and Syrup more
  effectively
• Better flowability of co-product
• Justifiable cost of equipment
• Liquid tank designed to unload with air pressure

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Recommendations

• Implementing a grading system
• Specifications for sulfur, particle size,
  moisture content, fat protein levels,
• Uniform classes of co-products
• Marketable and less variable
• Standard for spoilage
• Determine acceptable amount of spoiled co-product
  can be feed to livestock

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Further Information

• Iowa State University Animal Industry Report
  2009
• Animal Science Leaflet R2417 Storage and Handling
  of High Moisture Co-Products from Ethanol
  Production in Beef Operations Feed Specialist
  and Veterinarian Study
• Animal Science Leaflet R2416 Storage and Handling
  of High Moisture Co-Products from Ethanol
  Production in Beef Operations Beef Producer
  Study

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Acknowledgements

• Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture,
  funding
• IBC Extension Field Livestock Specialists, survey
  mailing list
• Charles Schwab, ABE professor
• Matt Julie Johnson, Bre McCubbin, Alaina
  Holdgrafer, Dana North, and Benaiah Anabaraonye,
  collating assistance
• Julie Roberts and Trina Zimmer, IBC secretaries

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Sources

• Bampidis, V.A. and Robinson, P.H. 2005. Citrus
  by-products as ruminant feeds a review. Animal
  Feed Science and Technology, 128(3-4) 175-217.
• EIA. 2005. Energy kids page-ethanol timeline.
  Energy Information Administration.
  http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/history/timelines/etha
  nol.html March 9, 2008.
• EPIC. 2008. Producing ethanol. Ethanol
  Promotion and Information Council.
  http//www.drivingethanol.org/ethanol_facts/produc
  ing_ethanol.aspx March 9, 2008
• Garcia, A.D., K.F. Kalscheur, and D.J.
  Schingoethe. 2006. Distillers grains for dairy
  cattle. http//agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx
  4022.pdf March 11, 2008.
• Garcia, A.D. and K.F. Kalscheur. 2004. Ensiling
  wet distillers grains with other feeds.
  http//agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx4029.pdf
  March 10, 2008.
• Garrelts, Matt. 2008. Personal communication.
  March 25, 2008.
• GWG Wood Group. 2006. Picture of walking floor
  trailer. http//gwgwoodgroup.com/delivery.html
  October 6, 2008.
• Ives, Randy. 2007. Distillers grains present
  and future. UBE Ingredients. http//www.harvestc
  leanenergy.org/conference/HCE7/PDFs/Ives.pdf
  March 9, 2008.
• Lardy, Dr. Greg. 2003. Feeding coproducts of
  the ethanol industry to beef cattle. North
  Dakota State University Extension Service.
  http//www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1242.pdf
  March 9, 2008.
• Loy, Daniel and Miller, Wendy. 2002. Ethanol
  coproducts for cattle wet distillers feeds for
  feedlot cattle. Iowa State University Extension.
  http//www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/IBC
  19.pdf March 9, 2008.
• McGinnis, Laura. 2007. Fueling America-without
  petroleum. http//www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive
  /apr07/petro0407.pdf March9, 2008.
• Mn-TAP. 2006. Livestock producers accepting food
  by-products. Minnesota Technical Assistance
  Program. www.mntap.umn.edu March 11, 2008.
• RFA. 2005. How ethanol is made. Renewable Fuels
  Association. http//www.ethanolrfa.org/resource/ma
  de/ March 9, 2008.
• Shaw, Ronald. 2008. Personal communication.
  March 12, 2008.

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Questions