1. a. What is shown here? weather or climate ?

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1. a. What is shown here? weather or climate ?
b. What is the local time (MDT) this analysis is
valid for?
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2. Imagine, hypothetically, that the Earth
surface cooled off, e.g. because the solar
constant decreased. The Earth cooled off so much
that the wavelength at which most terrestrial
radiation is emitted increased to 15 micron. What
would the main greenhouse gas be in this scenario?
15
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3. Choose from any of these three planets. Which
one has the (a) highest surface pressure (b)
highest planetary albedo(c) highest surface
temperature
Mars Earth Venus
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4. a.What is the chemical cycle shown below
called? b.What is the name of the gas being
cycled? c. In what region of the atmosphere
is this gas mostly found? d. What drives this
cycle?
Formation

• O2 hn ? 2O (llt0.25 mm - UV-c)
• O O2 M ? O3 M
• O3 hn ? O O2 (llt0.31 mm - UV-b)
• O O3 ? 2 O2

Destruction
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Why is the sky up high blue?
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Why is the horizon near sunset orange?
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6a. What is the wind speed direction in Laramie
(LAR) at this time? b. What is the weather in
Rawlins (RWL)? c. What is the dewpoint in
Riverton (RIW)?
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7. In what layer does weather occur?
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8. Is water vapor (a) a greenhouse gas?
(yes/no)(b) uniformly mixed in the troposphere?
(yes/no) (c) more abundant than ice on Earth?
(yes/no)
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9. (a) How much is the net shortwave (solar)
radiation received by the atmosphere, in units of
the Fig below?(b) How much is the net longwave
(terrestrial) radiation lost by the
atmosphere?(c) How much is the net radiative
energy loss/gain in the atmosphere? (d) Is this
a net loss or a net gain?(e) what prevents the
atmosphere from heating up (cooling down) if you
said a gain (loss) in (d)?
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10. The highlighted region experiences cold/warm
air advection.
temperature (C)
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11. Look at the image below. (a) Does this imply
that it should be colder/warmer at high
latitudes? (b) How is the heat transfer from low
to high latitudes accomplished?
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12. Explain this paradox the Earth is closer to
the Sun in January than in July, yet it is colder
in January in the northern hemisphere.
perihelion
aphelion
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a. Which place is wettest in winter?b. Where is
the daily temperature range largest?c. Where is
the annual temperature range largest?d. Explain
(b) and (c).
13. Laramie vs. Eureka CA (same latitude)
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14. a. Why are inversions common in during clear,
calm nights? b. Why do such inversions tend
to be stronger in valleys?
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15. For the green dot, determine (a)
temperature (b) vapor pressure (c) saturation
vapor pressure (d) wet-bulb temperature (e)
dewpoint please add units to all values
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16. Cool air at the green dot down to 0C (a)
what is its new relative humidity? (b) what is
its new vapor pressure? (c) what is its new
dewpoint? please add units to all values
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17. Why is it that relative humidity tends to
vary in opposition to temperature during the
course of a day?
dewpoint
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18. Imagine you are working out on a hot
day. Explain the advantages of (a) staying in the
shade, and (b) feeling a breeze.
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• 19. About latent heating in the global energy
  balance
• In what direction is latent heat transferred? (up
  or down)
• Why is this heat transfer called latent?
• Indicate specifically where the cooling and the
  warming occur (at the Earth surface, in the
  clouds, when rain hits the ground )

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20. Note the wiggles in the trend of atmospheric
CO2 concentration. CO2 peaks in winter (Feb) and
is a minimum in summer (Aug). What causes this
annual cycle?
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21. In the past two million years BP, there were
several glacial periods, and interglacials (as we
experience today). During the glacials, the CO2
and CH4 concentrations were much lower than
during the interglacials (see below). In fact
temperature and greenhouse gases varied in sync.
How do we know this? (i.e. how are measurements,
such as those shown below, made?)