Hungry%20Cities%20of%20the%20Global%20South

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Hungry Cities of the Global South

• 9 February 2015, University of Cape Town, South
  Africa
• Inês Raimundo
• Ramos Muanamoha

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Lets make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, UN
General Secretary, 2014
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The city of Maputo
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Maputo during rain season
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The city characteristics
The situation of the suburbs

• The city is formed by 1,094,628 (2007)
• A population density of 3,531 Hab/Km2, and the
  country density is 27.5Hab/Km2
• The city is getting poorer since according to the
  head count of 1996-97 the poverty incidence was
  47.8 and in the year of 2002-2003 reached 53.6
  and UN-Habitat (2007) indicates that it has
  reached 70

Poor drainage system
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Macaringue, 2012
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Urban population growth by cities from 1980, 1997 to 2007 Urban population growth by cities from 1980, 1997 to 2007 Urban population growth by cities from 1980, 1997 to 2007 Urban population growth by cities from 1980, 1997 to 2007 Urban population growth by cities from 1980, 1997 to 2007
Province City 1980 1997 2007
Niassa Lichinga 39,004 85,758 142,331
Cabo Delgado Pemba 41,166 84,897 138,716
Nampula Nampula 145,722 303,346 471,717
Zambezia Quelimane 60,151 150,118 193,343
Tete Tete 45,119 101,984 155,870
Sofala Beira 214,613 397,360 431,583
Manica Chimoio 68,125 171,056 237,497
Inhambane Inhambane 32,654 52,370 65,149
Gaza Xai-Xai 43,794 99,442 115,752
Maputo Matola - 424,662 671,556
City of Maputo Maputo 556,298 996,837 1,094,628
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The Poverty Headcount results from the three set
of IAF (National Survey of Households)
Poverty Headcount Poverty Headcount Poverty Headcount Poverty Headcount Poverty Headcount
Area 1996-97 (In ) 2002-03 (In ) 2008-09 (In ) Poverty gap from 1996-97 to 2002-03 (In ) Poverty gap from 2002-03 to 2008-09 (In )
National 69.4 54.1 54.7 15.3 0.6
Urban 62.0 51.5 49.6 -10.5 -1.9
Rural 71.3 55.3 56.9 -16.0 1.6
North 66.3 55.3 46.5 -11.0 -8.8
Centre 73.8 45.5 59.7 -28.3 14.2
South 65.8 66.5 56.9 0.7 -9.6
Niassa 70.6 52.1 31.9 -18.5 -20.2
Cabo Delgado 57.4 63.2 37.4 5.8 -25.8
Nampula 68.9 52.6 54.7 -16.3 2.1
Zambezia 68.1 44.6 70.5 -23.5 25.9
Tete 82.3 59.8 42.0 -22.5 -17.8
Manica 62.6 43.6 55.1 -19.0 11.5
Sofala 87.9 36.1 58.0 -51.8 21.9
Inhambane 82.6 80.7 57.9 -1.9 -22.8
Gaza 64.6 60.1 62.5 -4.5 2.4
Maputo province 65.6 69.3 67.5 3.7 -1.8
City of Maputo 47.8 53.6 36.2 5.8 -17.4
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The AFSUN survey
Employment status of surveyed HH members Employment status of surveyed HH members Employment status of surveyed HH members
N0.
Working full-time 633 43.4
Working part-time/causal 249 17.0
Working status unknown 19 1.3
Not working-looking for work 167 11.4
Not working-not looking for work 394 26.9
Total 1,462 100.0

• Measurment of poverty based on
• Household income
• Mediam hh income is 3,000MZN
• Household size 7
• Food expenditure
• Lived Poverty Index

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Household income sources Household income sources Household income sources
No of HH of HH
Employment 236 66.2
Informal business 101 25.4
Casual work 56 14.1
Rental income 27 9.6
Social grants/pensions 27 6.8
Sale of rural farm products 22 5.5
Sale of urban farm products 21 5.3
Cash remittances 21 5.3
Formal business 15 3.6
Income from gifts 3 0.8
Income from aid 2 0.5
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Household Food Sources Household Food Sources Household Food Sources
using source weekly used source in previous week
Supermarket 8 3
informal market/street food 92 94
Small food outlet 22 40
Non-market sources
Grow it 12 15
Share meals with other hh 7 11
Borrow food 8 8
Food provided by other hh 3 6
Food remittances 0 6
Food transfers from rural areas 0 -
Charitable sources
Community food kitchen 0 lt1
Food aid 0 1
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Maputo Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence Indicator (HIFAP) scores compared to other cities Maputo Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence Indicator (HIFAP) scores compared to other cities Maputo Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence Indicator (HIFAP) scores compared to other cities Maputo Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence Indicator (HIFAP) scores compared to other cities Maputo Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence Indicator (HIFAP) scores compared to other cities
Food secure Mildly food insecure Moderately Food insecure Severely food insecure
Harare 2 3 24 72
Lusaka 4 3 24 69
Maseru 5 6 25 65
Maputo 5 9 32 54
Manzini 6 3 13 79
Msunduzi, SA 7 6 27 60
Gaborone 12 6 19 63
Cape Town 15 5 12 68
Windhoek 18 5 14 63
Blantyre 34 15 30 21
JHB 44 14 15 27
Region 16 7 20 57
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Response to Food Insecurity Response to Food Insecurity
In the last month, did you Sometimes/often
Worry that your hh would not have enough food? 55.8
Not eat the kinds of foods you preferred because of a lack of resources? 62.2
Eat a limited variety of foods due to a lack of resources? 58.5
Eat foods you did not want to because of a lack of resources to obtain other types of food? 51.6
Eat smaller meals than you needed because there was not enough food? 46.7
Eat fewer meals in a day because there was not enough food? 45.0
Eat no food of any kind because of a lack of resources to obtain food? 20.9
Go to sleep hungry because there was not enough food? 16.5
Go a whole day and night without eating anything? 9.6
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Food consumption change

• Highly processed food brought by Mukheristas
  (Cross border traders)
• - New diseases in poor areas (high blood
  pressure/stroke)
• Highly dependent on supermarkets and few hh
  consuming farm growth food
• Price determine consumption
• Bread
• Meat
• Growth of fast food restaurants

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Conclusion

• Ongoing urbanization and population growth are
  major challenges for Maputo.
• The majority of households live below the poverty
  line
• The primary source of livelihoods for the urban
  poor informal market/street food
• Non market sources they grow it or borrow from
  friends/relatives