Technician License Class Gordon West Technician Class Manual Pages 102-114

1
Technician License ClassGordon West Technician
Class ManualPages 102-114

• Presented by
• Heart Of Texas Amateur Radio Club
• (HOTARC)

2
Emergency Communications
3
Identifying an Emergency

• Emergency
• Threat to life or property
• Key Words
• Mayday, SOS, Break, Help
• FCC declares an emergency and posts rules
• Any special conditions and rules to be observed
• Remember
• Emergency traffic always has right of way
• FCC follows Good Samaritan rules and will forgive
  those that help
• The FCC also punishes those that are fraudulent
  (lie)

4
Reacting to an Emergency

• Dos
• Assume the emergency is real.
• Open the frequency.
• Stop your contact.
• Take the emergency call.
• Avoid FCC declared emergency frequencies.
• Donts
• No false emergencies.
• You can lose your license and go to jail for
  declaring a false emergency.
• You can be held liable if you interfere with
  emergency traffi
• You can be required to pay the cost of the search
  and rescue effort.

5
Emergency Messages

• Remember This is an emergency.
• The message is important.
• Job 1 Get the message through.

• What is in an emergency message?
• Header/Preamble
• Information to track/confirm the message. Such
  as Identifier/number, date-time from/to check
  value
• Body/Text
• The message keep it short, 25 words or less
• Signature

• What should not be in an emergency message?
• Personal information
• Remember this is open to the publi
• Confidential information

6
Emergency Messages Traffic
Preamble
includes check
25 words
7
T8C01 (pg 102)

• Which type of traffic has the highest priority?
• Emergency traffic
• Priority traffic
• Health and welfare traffic
• Routine traffic

8
T8A11 (pg 102)

• What type of communications has priority at all
  times in the Amateur Radio Service?
• Repeater communications
• Emergency communications
• Simplex communications
• Third-party communications

9
T8A12 (pg 103)

• When must priority be given to stations providing
  emergency communications?
• Only when operating under RACES
• Only when an emergency has been declared
• Any time a net control station is on the air
• At all times and on all frequencies

10
T8A09 (pg 103)

• What is an appropriate way to initiate an
  emergency call on amateur radio?
• Yell as loudly as you can into the microphone
• Ask if the frequency is in use and wait for
  someone to give you permission to go ahead before
  proceeding
• Declare a communications emergency
• Say "Mayday, Mayday, Mayday" followed by "any
  station come in please" and identify your station

11
Declaring an Emergency

• Voice
• MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY any station come in
  please. This is ltyour call sign gt
• Morse Code
• SOS SOS SOS DE ltyour call sign gt
• On a net or repeater
• Break or Break, Break, Break
• Call sign can be a tactical call sign or your
  name

12
T8B02 (pg 103)

• When may you use your amateur station to transmit
  a "SOS" or "MAYDAY" signal?
• Only when you are transmitting from a ship at
  sea
• Only at 15 and 30 minutes after the hour
• When there is immediate threat to human life or
  property
• When the National Weather Service has announced
  a weather warning

13
T8B08 (pg 104)

• When can you use non-amateur frequencies or
  equipment to call for help in a situation
  involving immediate danger to life or property?
• Never your license only allows you to use the
  frequencies authorized to your class of license
• In a genuine emergency you may use any means at
  your disposal to call for help on any frequency
• When you have permission from the owner of the
  set
• When you have permission from a police officer
  on the scene

14
T8A10 (pg 104)

• What are the penalties for making a false
  emergency call?
• You could have your license revoked
• You could be fined a large sum of money
• You could be sent to prison
• All of these answers are correct
• The FCC takes emergencies very seriously, so
  false alarms are also taken very seriously.

15
T8A08 (pg 104)

• What should you do if you hear someone reporting
  an emergency?
• Report the station to the FCC immediately
• Assume the emergency is real and act accordingly
• Ask the other station to move to a different
  frequency
• Tell the station to call the police on the
  telephone

16
T8A03 (pg 105)

• What should you do if you are in contact with
  another station and an emergency call is heard?
• Tell the calling station that the frequency is in
  use
• Direct the calling station to the nearest
  emergency net frequency
• Disregard the call and continue with your
  contact
• Stop your contact immediately and take the
  emergency call

17
Radio Nets

• Open/Closed Nets
• Open Nets
• Free form
• Low or sporadic traffic
• Listen before talk protocol
• Normal operations
• Closed Nets
• Net Control Station (NCS)
• Only transmit when approved by net control

• Types of Nets
• Tactical Net the front line net during the
  incident - where the action is
• Resource Net used to recruit operators and
  equipment to support tactical effort
• Command Net interagency and managers

18
T8C07 (pg 105)

• What should the net control station do if someone
  breaks in with emergency traffic?
• Ask them to wait until the roll has been called
• Stop all net activity until the emergency has
  been handled
• Ask the station to call the local police and
  then resume normal net activities
• Ask them to move off your net frequency
  immediately

19
T8C08 (pg 106)

• What should you do if a large scale emergency has
  just occurred and no net control station is
  available?
• Wait until the assigned net control station comes
  on the air and pass your traffic when called
• Transmit a call for help and hope someone will
  hear you
• Open the emergency net immediately and ask for
  check-ins
• Listen to the local NOAA weather broadcast to
  find out how long the emergency will last

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T8C03 (pg 106)

• What should you do to minimize disruptions to an
  emergency traffic net once you have checked in?
• Whenever the net frequency is quiet, announce
  your call sign and location
• Move 5 kHz away from the net's frequency and use
  high power to ask other hams to keep clear of the
  net frequency
• Do not transmit on the net frequency until asked
  to do so by the net control station
• Wait until the net frequency is quiet, then ask
  for any emergency traffic for your area
• Always let the Net Control be in control.

21
T8A02 (pg 106)

• Under what conditions are amateur stations
  allowed to communicate with stations operating in
  other radio services?
• When communicating with the space shuttle
• When specially authorized by the FCC, or in an
  actual emergency
• When communicating with stations in the Citizens
  Radio Service
• When a commercial broadcast station is reporting
  news during a natural disaster

22
T8A06 (pg 107)

• What is legally required to restrict a frequency
  to emergency-only communication?
• An FCC declaration of a communications emergency
• Determination by the designated net manager for
  an emergency net
• Authorization by an ARES/RACES emergency
  coordinator
• A Congressional declaration of intent

23
T8A04 (pg 107)

• What are the restrictions on amateur radio
  communications after the FCC has declared a
  communications emergency?
• The emergency declaration prohibits all
  communications
• There are no restrictions if you have a special
  emergency certification
• You must avoid those frequencies dedicated to
  supporting the emergency unless you are
  participating in the relief effort
• Only military stations are allowed to use the
  amateur radio frequencies during an emergency

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T8A01 (pg 107)

• What information is included in an FCC
  declaration of a temporary state of communication
  emergency?
• A list of organizations authorized to use radio
  communications in the affected area
• A list of amateur frequency bands to be used in
  the affected area
• Any special conditions and rules to be observed
  during the emergency
• An operating schedule for authorized amateur
  emergency stations

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T8A07 (pg 108)

• Who has the exclusive use of a frequency if the
  FCC has not declared a communication emergency?
• Any net station that has traffic
• The station first occupying the frequency
• Individuals passing health and welfare
  communications
• No station has exclusive use in this circumstance

26
T8A05 (pg 108)

• What is one reason for using tactical call signs
  such as "command post" or "weather center" during
  an emergency?
• They help to keep the general public informed
• They are more efficient and help coordinate
  public-service communications
• They are required by the FCC
• They increase goodwill and sound professional

27
T8B11 (pg 108)

• When can you use a modified amateur radio
  transceiver to transmit on the local fire
  department frequency?
• When you are helping the Fire Department raise
  money
• Only when the Fire Department is short of
  regular equipment
• In a genuine emergency you may use any means at
  your disposal to call for help on any frequency
• When the local Fire Chief has given written
  permission

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T3D09 (pg 109)

• What rules apply to your station when using
  amateur radio at the request of public service
  officials or at the scene of an emergency?
• RACES
• ARES
• FCC
• FEMA

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Emergency Messages Traffic
Preamble
includes check
25 words
30
T8C04 (pg 109)

• What is one thing that must be included when
  passing emergency messages?
• The call signs of all the stations passing the
  message
• The name of the person originating the message
• A status report
• The message title

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T8C09 (pg 109)

• What is the preamble of a message?
• The first paragraph of the message text
• The message number
• The priority handling indicator for the message
• The information needed to track the message as
  it passes through the amateur radio traffic
  handling system

32
T8C05 (pg 109)

• What is one way to reduce the chances of casual
  listeners overhearing sensitive emergency
  traffic?
• Pass messages using a non-voice mode such as
  packet radio or Morse code
• Speak as rapidly as possible to reduce your
  on-air time
• Spell out every word using phonetics
• Restrict transmission of messages to the hours
  between midnight and 400 AM

33
T2D05 (pg 110)

• What is the definition of third-party
  communications?
• A message sent between two amateur stations for
  someone else
• Public service communications for a political
  party
• Any messages sent by amateur stations
• A three-minute transmission to another amateur

34
T8C02 (pg 110)

• What type of messages should not be transmitted
  over amateur radio frequencies during
  emergencies?
• Requests for supplies
• Personal information concerning victims
• A schedule of relief operators
• Estimates of how much longer the emergency will
  last

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T8C10 (pg 111)

• What is meant by the term "check" in reference to
  a message?
• The check is a count of the number of words in
  the message
• The check is the value of a money order attached
  to the message
• The check is a list of stations that have
  relayed the message
• The check is a box on the message form that
  tells you the message was received

36
T8C11 (pg 111)

• What is the recommended guideline for the maximum
  number of words to be included in the text of an
  emergency message?
• 10 words
• 25 words
• 50 words
• 75 words

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RACES / ARES

• RACES Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service
• Work with local, state and federal government
  only
• When activated, you work for the government
  (Restricted)
• When activated, mission participants are covered
  by government insurance

• ARES Amateur Radio Emergency Service
• Health and welfare
• Work with government and NGO (Red Cross,
  Salvation Army) and support services
• When activated, you still are a civilian

Note Both groups do good work, and many hams
belong to both groups. Also, both groups are
often combine
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T8B03 (pg 111)

• What is the primary function of RACES in relation
  to emergency activities?
• RACES organizations are restricted to serving
  local, state, and federal government emergency
  management agencies
• RACES supports agencies like the Red Cross,
  Salvation Army, and National Weather Service
• RACES supports the National Traffic System
• RACES is a part of the National Emergency
  Warning System

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T8B05 (pg 112)

• What organization must you register with before
  you can participate in RACES activities?
• A local amateur radio club
• A local racing organization
• The responsible civil defense organization
• The Federal Communications Commission

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T8B06 (pg 112)

• What is necessary before you can join an ARES
  group?
• You are required to join the ARRL
• You must have an amateur radio license
• You must have an amateur radio license and have
  Red Cross CPR training
• You must register with a civil defense
  organization

41
T8B04 (pg 112)

• What is the primary function of ARES in relation
  to emergency activities?
• ARES organizations are restricted to serving
  local, state, and federal government emergency
  management agencies
• ARES supports agencies like the Red Cross,
  Salvation Army, and National Weather Service
• ARES groups work only with local school
  districts
• ARES supports local National Guard units

42
T3D10 (pg 112)

• What do RACES and ARES have in common?
• They represent the two largest ham clubs in the
  United States
• One handles road traffic, the other weather
  traffic
• Neither may handle emergency traffic
• Both organizations provide communications during
  emergencies

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Emergency Preparedness

• Things you might want to have/do
• 72 hour Go-Kit
• Batteries for your radio, flashlight
• Alternate Power generator, solar cells, et
• Training
• On-line courses
• Local courses
• Know how to use your radio(s)
• Emergency communication training
• Net operations (practice)

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Example Go Kit
Snacks Snacks Liquid refreshments Liquid refreshments
3 day supply of food and water 3 day supply of food and water Toilet articles Toilet articles
Packet Gear Packet Gear Message Forms, Name Tags, Paper, Pencils Message Forms, Name Tags, Paper, Pencils
RF Connector Adaptor Kit RF Connector Adaptor Kit Shelter (tent and sleeping bag) Shelter (tent and sleeping bag)
Log Book Log Book Foul Weather Gear Foul Weather Gear
Flashlight (regular and pen) Flashlight (regular and pen) Portable Stove and Mess kit with cleaning kit Portable Stove and Mess kit with cleaning kit
Candles Candles Batteries (for everything) Batteries (for everything)
Alarm Clock Alarm Clock Waterproof matches Waterproof matches
Electrical and Duct tape Electrical and Duct tape Toolbox Toolbox
Safety glasses Safety glasses Soldering iron and solder Soldering iron and solder
Additional Radios Additional Radios Digital multimeter Digital multimeter
Trash bags, Plastic Sheeting Trash bags, Plastic Sheeting Microphone, Headphones Microphone, Headphones
Patch Cords, Extra Coax Patch Cords, Extra Coax Power supply, charger Power supply, charger
ARRL Standardized Connectors ARRL Standardized Connectors Antennas with mounts, small spool of wire Antennas with mounts, small spool of wire
3 day change of clothes 3 day change of clothes SWR Bridge (VHF and HF) SWR Bridge (VHF and HF)
First Aid Supplies First Aid Supplies First Aid Supplies First Aid Supplies
Prescriptions Triage Tape Whistle Paper Bags
Throat lozenges Aspirin Ace Bandage Space blanket
Latex Gloves Adhesive tape 1 2 Saline solution (1 qt) Scissors/tweezers
Roller Bandages (4) Band-Aids (assorted) Antiseptic solution Sterile needle
Gauze Pads 4x4 (20) Safety pins (1 box) Triangular bandage Eye Dropper
Sanitary Napkins (for bleeding control) Chemical Ice Packs (4) Bandage strips Thermometer
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T8B01 (pg 113)

• What can you do to be prepared for an emergency
  situation where your assistance might be needed?
• Check at least twice a year to make sure you
  have all of your emergency response equipment and
  know where it is
• Make sure you have a way to run your equipment
  if there is a power failure in your area
• Participate in drills that test your ability to
  set up and operate in the field
• All of these answers are correct

46
T8B07 (pg 113)

• What could be used as an alternate source of
  power to operate radio equipment during
  emergencies?
• The battery in a car or truck
• A bicycle generator
• A portable solar panel
• All of these answers are correct

47
T7A02 (pg 114)

• Which of these items would probably not be very
  useful to include in an emergency response kit?
• An external antenna and several feet of
  connecting cable
• A 1500 watt output linear amplifier
• A cable and clips for connecting your
  transceiver to an external battery
• A listing of repeater frequencies and nets in
  your area

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