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The Settlement of New England

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Title: The Settlement of New England Author: Susan M. Pojer Last modified by: Montague, Pamela Created Date: 9/2/2003 12:33:39 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Settlement of New England


1
The Settlement of New England
Susan Pojer / Pamela K. Montague
2
Protestant Reformation
  • Produces Puritanism
  • Martin Luther Bible alone is source of Gods
    word
  • John Calvin / Calvinism
  • Dominant theology in ALL colonies
  • Humans weak wicked due to original sin
  • Predestination on eternal salvation only the
    chosen
  • Good works CANNOT save the damned
  • Christ died to save only the chosen
  • Anglicans didnt advocate ARMINIANISM (good works
    buys a ticket to heaven) its heresy- but
    suggested good works might get favor with God
  • Fear of James I
  • Married to a Catholic
  • No advances under him for Protestantism except
    King James version of Bible

3
Pilgrims?
How are Pilgrims the purest Puritans?
vs.
Puritans?
Whats the difference?
4
The Pilgrims
  • Separatists who thought only
  • visible saints should get church membership
  • 1608 migrated to Holland (Netherlands) but
  • Form joint-stock company migrate to America in
    1620
  • 100 people/35 are Pilgrims - on Mayflower 66
    days
  • Headed to Hudson River but .
  • Landed north of their destination at Cape Cod Bay
    and stayed

5
The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620
  • WHY did the Pilgrims draw it up?
  • Entered into because Pilgrims were outside
    control of Virginia Co.
  • Early example that society should be based on
    rules set by its own members
  • TOWN MEETINGS
  • a defining characteristic of New England
  • Based on majority rule
  • Select Governor

6
William Bradford
Elected 30 times!
Of Plymouth Plantation Plymouth will
eventually merge with MA Bay colony (Puritans) in
1691 becomes MA
7
Tisquantuma/k/aSQUANTO
  • Knew English had traveled to England but tried
    to return (with John Smith) in 1614
  • Kidnapped by another Englishman attempting to
    sell him into slavery in Spain rescued by monks
  • Finally made his way back to England then
    America in 1619
  • Helped Pilgrims survive after 1st hard winter
    (where over half died) by teaching them to
    cultivate maize

8
THE FIRST THANKSGIVING
  • October, 1621
  • National Holiday by 1942

9
Presidential Turkey Pardons
10
Puritan Migration
  • 1629 Charles I dismissed Parliament allowed
    persecution of Puritans
  • Approx. 70,000 Puritans left England during the
    Great Migration
  • 1620-1650
  • Most went to West Indies
  • Other to
  • 10,000 in MA by 1640

Great Migration, 1620-1650
11
Massachusetts Bay Colony
  • Royal charter from MA Bay Company
  • Approx. 1,000 to Boston in 1630
  • Come in family units
  • Create elected legislature General Court how
    is membership limited?
  • Limited to
  • What do they see as the purpose of government?
  • So what type of govt is it?

12
Prepare a CAPPS Analysis of this document
13
John Winthrop
Governor of Massachusetts
We shall be as a city on a hill, the eyes of all
people are upon us. . .
  • Social experiment to create a utopian community
  • To be a beacon to humanity believed they have
    covenant w/God to build a holy society that
    would be a model for all mankind
  • God is found in scriptures a strong work ethic
  • Puritans later

14
Puritan Rebels
Roger Williams Liberty of Conscience
Anne Hutchinson Antinomianism
  • Why does he become unpopular with his Salem
    congregation?
  • With landowners?
  • Where does he go?
  • Will found a Baptist church
  • What is antinomianism?
  • What ultimately happens to her?

15
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
  • RHODE ISLAND SEWER of the colonies
  • Individualistic / Independent. like..?
  • Roger Williams sep. of church and state
  • Complete freedom of religion Catholics
    Jews/first Baptists here
  • No oaths, no
  • Universal manhood suffrage meaning?
  • (later, require property)
  • CONNECTICUT
  • Founder is Rev. Thomas Hooker
  • 1st written Constitution the
  • Many Boston Puritans
  • NEW HAMPSHIRE/MAINE
  • Settled for fishing, trading
  • Maine gets absorbed by MA Bay Colony
  • NH becomes royal colony by 1679

16
The Pequot Wars 1636-1637
The more English that arrive push inland, the
less peace there is with the Indians.
Why significant?
17
A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637
Colonists their Narragansett allies slaughter
the Pequots in Mystic village. Set fire to their
wigwams then shot them as they fled.
18
NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION
  • Formed by _________________, 1643
  • MA Bay, Plymouth Connecticut (Puritan Club)
  • Purpose?
  • Not getting much assistance from England civil
    war
  • Significance?
  • Broken up by Charles II in 1684
  • Took charter away from MA Bay colony

19
King Phillips War1675-1676
  • METACOM (King Phillip) forms Indian alliance and
    launches vicious attacks on the colonies - 52
    Puritan towns attacked 12 entirely destroyed.
  • New England Confederation effort against him
  • Significance?

Metacom What happened to him?
20
D0MINION OF NEW ENGLAND
  • Imposed by?
  • Joined which colonies?
  • Sir Edmund Andros openly
  • pro-Anglican
  • Purpose?
  • Result?
  • Andros taxed w/o consent no town meetings
    allowed
  • Glorious Revolution (William Mary, 1688) brings
    end to it
  • MA loses charter royal colony
  • Who votes in MA now?
  • SALUTARY NEGLECT sets in! What is it?

21
Population of the New England Colonies
22
Characteristics of New England Settlements
  • Diversified economy encouraged by climate..how?
  • Low mortality ? average life expectancy was 70
    years of age.
  • Lack of diversity - ENGLISH
  • Emigrated in family units
  • Many extended families.
  • Average 6 children per family.
  • Average age at marriage Women 22 years old
    Men 27 years old.
  • Puritan Work Ethic!

23
Puritan Values Beliefs
  • One could lead a Godly life and still profit
    financially.
  • God dictated the Bible as a complete guide to
    life
  • _______________ was central to understanding the
    Bible and conducting business.
  • Individual Christians could communicate with God
    directly through their consciences.
  • The rich had an obligation to ______________and
    that the poor had an obligation to obey.
  • ________________was part of the natural order and
    divinely ordained.
  • Work!! Idleness was a sin.
  • American Identity? from the Puritans

24
Population ComparisonsNew England v. the
Chesapeake
What does the graph reflect about
life expectancy in America and England?
Why is life expectancy so high in New England?
25
Land Division inSudbury, MA 1639-1656
Tightly knit, planned communities What is the
political defining characteristic of New England
govt? What type of democracy?
  • Had meeting house for town meetings/church a
    village green surrounded by houses
  • Land for firewood, pasture and crops was
    distributed to all the residents
  • All people are close to town come to meetings

26
Patriarchy
  • Authoritarian male father figures controlled each
    household.
  • Patriarchal ministers judges
    controlled church congregations andhouseholds.
  • Women subordinate cant inherit land limited
    to domestic sphere children to be seen, but not
    heard emulate adults.
  • Families allowed to discipline each others
    children to make sure punishment was harsh
    enough.
  • Blue Laws enforced.
  • (things not allowedusually on Sun.)

27
EDUCATION
  • Extremely important WHY?
  • 1647 MA School Law provided
  • Towns of over 50
  • 1636, ________ College established
  • Its purpose?

28
Disruptions in New England Society
  • Declining religious zeal
  • Thriving economy was a major cause
  • Population dispersing away from town to outlying
    farms.outside control of church
  • Led to Halfway Covenant, 1662
  • Eased requirements for membership
  • Granted
  • Result of Halfway Covenant

29
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31
New England Colonies, 1650
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