Week of October 19 Chapter 9, 10 Warm Ups

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Week of October 19 Chapter 9, 10 Warm Ups
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MONDAYS VOCABULARY

• disestablish To separate an official state
  church from its connection with the government.
  The Protestant Episcopal Church had been
  de-anglicanized and was everywhere
  disestablished. Fight for separation of church
  and state was most fierce in Virginia. This laid
  the basis for the Virginia Statute for Religious
  Freedom.
• chattel An article of personal or moveable
  property hence a term applied to slaves, since
  they were considered the personal property of
  their owners
• bicameral, unicameral Referring to a legislative
  body with two houses (bicameral) or one
  (unicameral)

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QUESTION OF THE DAY

•    

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (A)
finally removed the British presence from the
Ohio River Valley    (B) reduced the authority
of the federal government in the western
territories    (C) provided a procedure for
admitting new states to the Union    (D)
resulted in Shays' Rebellion    (E) divided land
into sections that were then sold to investors
The area impacted by the Northwest
Ordinance(Source Wikimedia Commons-)
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ANSWER
(C) provided a procedure for admitting new states
to the Union

Explanation The Northwest Ordinance, in addition
to prohibiting slavery in the Northwest
Territories, provided that residents could apply
for statehood when the population reached 60,000
inhabitants. New states came in on the same level
as the original 13 states. In 1803 Ohio became
the first state admitted under the provisions.
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TUESDAYS VOCABULARY
ratification The confirmation or validation of
an act (such as a constitution) by authoritative
approval. Ratification of the Articles of
Incorporation was delayed by a dispute over the
vast stretches of wilderness extending west
beyond the Alleghenies. (RI, MD wanted it under
new central govt---ratification came when VA and
NY agreed to give up their claims to the
land) quorum The minimum number of persons who
must be present in a group before it can conduct
valid business. There was a quorum of 55
delegates from 12 states in May 1787 at the
convention to revise the Articles of
Confederation
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QUESTION OF THE DAY

•    

The Declaration of Independence, 1776
Which of the following is not part of the
Declaration of Independence?     (A)  "when in
the course of human events"    (B)  "these
colonies are and of right ought to be free and
independent states"    (C)  "We the people of
the United States in order to form a more perfect
Union"    (D)  "all men are created equal"   
(E)  "endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"
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ANSWER
     (C)  "We the People of the United States in
order to form a more perfect Union"

Explanation"We the People..." is the opening
phrase of the U.S. Constitution, drafted in 1787
following a period of governance under the
Articles of Confederation which had been approved
by the Continental Congress during the
Revolutionary War. The Declaration of
Independence , drafted by Thomas Jefferson in
July 1776, provided an eloquently-phrased
rationale for colonial independence and
identified King George III as a tyrannical ruler.
Unfortunately, surveys have shown that many
Americans often confuse both the purposes and
contents of America's two most important
political documents.
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WEDNESDAYS VOCABULARY

• census an official count of population in the
  U.S. the federal census occurs every ten years.
  The first official census of 1790 recorded almost
  4 million people.
• public debt the debt of a government or nation
  to individual creditors, also called the national
  debt. Reduced foreign trade and limited credit
  due to nonpayment of war debts to foreign
  countries contributed to widespread economic
  depression in the new republic.
• cabinet the body of official advisors to the
  head of a government in the US it consists of
  the major executive departments who advise the
  President (i.e. Secretary of Treasury, Secretary
  of State)

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QUESTION OF THE DAY

•    

The most important controversy at the
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in
1787 involved    (A)   the location of the
new capital    (B)   preventing a tax on
exports    (C)   representation in the
legislative branch    (D)   domestic unrest and
the chance of rebellion    (E)  
assuming the debt of the Articles of
Confederation Congress
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ANSWER
    (C)  representation in the legislative branch

The question of how to best represent both the
states and the people became the central
controversy of the Philadelphia Convention. The
large states wanted population to determine
representation, while the smaller states
preferred an equal status for all states. The
Great Compromise settled the dispute. Two houses
of Congress were created one, the Senate, in
which each state had two members and the other,
the House of Representatives, in which a state's
delegation was determined by population.
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THURSDAYS VOCABULARY

• circuit court A court that hears cases in
  several designated locations rather than a single
  place.
• fiscal Concerning public financesexpenditures
  and revenues
• despotism Arbitrary or tyrannical rule

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QUESTION OF THE DAY

•    

Which of the following was not part of George
Washington's administration?(A) Henry
Knox--Secretary of War(B) Thomas
Jefferson--Secretary of State(C) John
Marshall--Supreme Court Chief Justice(D) John
Adams--Vice-President(E) Alexander
Hamilton--Secretary of the Treasury
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ANSWER
(C) John Marshall--Supreme Court Chief Justice

ExplanationMarshall was appointed Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court by John Adams in
1801. John Jay was the nation's first Chief
Justice.
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FRIDAYS VOCABULARY

• impress To force people or property into public
  service without choice, conscript.
• assimilation The merging of diverse cultures or
  peoples into one
• nullification In American politics, the
  assertion that a state may legally invalidate a
  federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights
  or sovereignty

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QUESTION OF THE DAY
In his Farewell Address, President George
Washington warned against the dangers of
political parties and    (A) the unrest in
France    (B) the growing tension between his
successor, John Adams, and the new
vice-president, Thomas Jefferson    (C)
entangling international alliances    (D) the
Alien and Sedition Acts    (E) the establishment
of a national bank

•    

"Life of George Washington--The farmer" by
Junius Brutus Stearns  (1853)
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ANSWER
Answer (C) entangling international alliances

Washington's warnings against entangling
alliances ("It is our true policy to steer clear
of permanent alliances with any portion of the
foreign world..."), along with the dangers of
political parties, were major themes in his
Farewell Address which he never actually
delivered orally, but instead had published in a
newspaper. Washington retired to his farm in
Mount Vernon, Virginia for the second time, thus
establishing the tradition of a president
retiring from office rather than remaining until
death. When England's King George III heard of
Washington's decision to retire the first time
after the Revolutionary War in 1783, he stated
"If he does that, he will be the greatest man in
the world."