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The Circulatory System

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... Blood Vessels, Blood Types * * The Closed Circulatory System Humans have a closed circulatory system, ... The Cardiovascular System The Blood C. Leukocytes ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Circulatory System


1
The Circulatory System
  • The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types

2
The Closed Circulatory System
  • Humans have a closed circulatory system, typical
    of all vertebrates, in which blood is confined to
    vessels
  • The heart pumps blood into large vessels that
    branch into smaller ones leading into the organs.
  • Materials are exchanged by diffusion between the
    blood and the other organs at the capillaries.

3
Purpose
  • Transport nutrients to all parts of the body
  • Make sure the brain has glucose
  • Remove wastes like carbon dioxide
  • Movement of other materials necessary for survival

4
The Cardiovascular System
  • Three Major Elements Heart, Blood Vessels,
    Blood
  • 1. The Heart- cardiac muscle tissue
  • highly interconnected cells
  • four chambers
  • Right and left atrium- upper chamber
  • Left and Right Ventricle-
  • Lower chambers

5
Heart Wall
  • Three layers of tissue
  • Epicardium This serous membrane of smooth outer
    surface of heart
  • Myocardium Middle layer composed of cardiac
    muscle cell and responsibility for heart
    contracting
  • Endocardium Smooth inner surface of heart
    chambers

6
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7
Pathway of the blood
  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Right Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Lungs
  • Pulmonary Vein
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Left Artium
  • Left Ventricle
  • Aorta
  • To the bodies organs cells

8
Coronary Circulation
  • Your heart has its own blood vessels to supply it
    with nutrients and oxygen and remove wastes
  • If this circulation is blocked then a person can
    have a heart attack

9
Pulmonary Circulation
  • The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and
    back to the heart.
  • Goes- right atrium to right ventricle
  • Then pulmonary artery to the lungs
  • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs
  • Then Pulmonary vein brings back oxygenated blood
    to the left atrium

10
Systemic Circulation
  • Oxygen rich blood needs to get to the rest of the
    body
  • Wastes need to picked up and excreted
  • Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle by way
    of the Aorta
  • Travels to the body and exchange occurs at
    capillaries
  • Veins bring back the de-oxygenated blood.

11
Systemic circulation
12
The Cardiovascular System
  • 2. Blood Vessels -A network of tubes
  • Arteries?arterioles move away from the heart
  • Elastic Fibers
  • Circular Smooth Muscle
  • Capillaries where gas exchange takes place.
  • One cell thick
  • Serves the Respiratory System
  • Veins?Venules moves towards the heart
  • Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back
    from legs
  • One way valves
  • When they break - varicose veins form

13
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14
Cardiovascular Diseases
15
The Cardiovascular System
  • 3. The Blood
  • Plasma
  • Liquid portion of the blood. Contains clotting
    factors, hormones, antibodies, dissolved gases,
    nutrients and waste

16
The Cardiovascular System
  • The Blood
  • B. Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells
  • Carry hemoglobin and oxygen. Do not have a
    nucleus and live only about 120 days.
  • Can not repair themselves.

17
The Cardiovascular System
  • The Blood
  • C. Leukocytes White Blood cells
  • Fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow
  • Five types neutrophils, lymphocytes,
    eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes.

18
The Cardiovascular System
  • The Blood
  • D. Thrombocytes Platelets.
  • These are cell fragment that are formed in the
    bone marrow from magakaryocytes.
  • Clot Blood by sticking together via protein
    fibers called fibrin.

19
Disorders of the Circulatory System
  • Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC
    count
  • Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly,
    causing anemia
  • Hemophilia - bleeders disease, due to lack of
    fibrinogen in thrombocytes
  • Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by
    valve problems
  • Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart
    become blocked with plaque, also called
    myocardial infarction
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