Case-Based Reasoning for Eliciting the Evolution of Geospatial Objects

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Case-Based Reasoning for Eliciting the Evolution
of Geospatial Objects

• Joice Mota, Gilberto Camara, Isabel Escada, Olga
  Bittencourt, Leila Fonseca, Lúbia Vinhas
• National Institute for Space Research

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The fundamental question of our time
How is the Earths environment changing, and what
are the consequences for human civilization?
source IGBP
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Earth observation satellites and geosensor webs
provide key information about global change
but that information needs to be modelled and
extracted
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Whats in an Image?
Remote sensing images provide data for
describing landscape dynamics (Câmara,
Egenhofer et al., COSIT 2001).
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Land cover objects
LAND COVER OBJECTS Boundaries determined by
agreement about land categories (geometry,
topology and properties change)
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The problem extracting land cover objects from
images and relating them to human use of space
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Remote sensing images sources of land cover
objects
Landsat Image 13/Ago/2003
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Remote sensing images sources of land cover
objects
Deforestation from 13/Ago/2003 to 07/May/2004
Deforestation until 13/Aug/2003 (yellow), from
13/Aug/2003 until 07/mai/2004 (red)
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Remote sensing images sources of land cover
objects
Deforestation from 07 May 2004 to 21 May 2004
Deforestation until 13 Aug 2003 (yellow), from
13/Aug/2003 to 07/May/2004 (red), from 07 May
2004 to 21 May 2004 (orange)
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Eliciting the history of land change objects
Reconstructing the history of a landscape
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Approach object histories types rules
split
create
merge
Hornsby and Egenhofer (COSIT 97, IJGIS 2000)
type-dependent rules Merge (stateObj, cityObj)
stateObj
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Different types of land change objects
Form follows function
Object shape indicates possible land use
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From shapes of land cover to types of land use
Shape Size Actors Main land use
Linear (LIN) Variable Government, settlers Roads and pathways
Irregular (IRR) Small (lt50 ha) Small farms (settlers) Subsistence agriculture
Regular (REG) Medium- large (gt50 ha) Midsized and large farmers Cattle ranching
irregular, linear, regular
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Evolution rules depend on land function
CATTLE FARM
Settler sells land
Settler gets parcel
SUBSISTENCE FARMING
LAND REFORM redistribution
ABANDONMENT
Land exhaustion
Many settlers sell their land
Small Farmers
Medium-Sized Farmers
photos Isabel Escada
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Eliciting the Evolution Rules using Case-Based
Reasoning
We use domain experts to derive the evolution
rules
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Evolution rules depend on expected land use
irregular, linear, regular settlements, roads,
farms
Merge(settlement, settlement) FALSE Merge
(road, road) road Merge (farm, farm)
farm Merge (settlement, road) FALSE Merge
(settlement, farm) farm Merge (farm, road)
FALSE
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From snapshots to object history
Object extracted from snapshots are merged to
create histories
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Computational model basic operations
split
merge
-- definition of Object History data type
-- ObjHist t Tree Object t -- operations on
Object History data type -- merge ObjHist t1
? ObjHist t2 ? ObjHist t3 split ObjHist t1 ?
ObjHist t2 ? (ObjHist t1, ObjHist t3)
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Computational model telling histories
Object histories can be retrieved
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Land intensification in Rondônia (BR)

Peasants were given lots with sizes of 25 ha to
50 ha in 1970s. What happened from 1970s to 2000s?
Deforestation maps from INPE (2000)
Landsat image (2000)
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Vale do Anari 1982 -1985
Patterns/Typology IRR Irregular Colonist
parcels LIN Linear roads and pathways REG
Regular medium-large farms
REG
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Vale do Anari 1985 - 1988
Patterns/Typology IRR Irregular Colonist
parcels LIN Linear roads and pathways REG
Regular medium-large farms
REG
Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003
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Vale do Anari 1988 - 1991
Patterns/Typology IRR Irregular Colonist
parcels LIN Linear roads and pathways REG
Regular medium-large farms
REG
Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003
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Vale do Anari 1991 - 1994
Patterns/Typology IRR Irregular Colonist
parcels LIN Linear roads and pathways REG
Regular medium-large farms
Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003
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Vale do Anari 1994 - 1997
Patterns/Typology IRR Irregular Colonist
parcels LIN Linear roads and pathways REG
Regular medium-large farms
REG
Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003
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Vale do Anari 1997 - 2000
Patterns/Typology IRR Irregular Colonist
parcels LIN Linear roads and pathways REG
Regular medium-large farms
REG
Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003
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Vale do Anari 1985 - 2000
Patterns/Typology IRR Irregular Colonist
parcels LIN Linear roads and pathways REG
Regular medium-large farms
REG
REG
Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003
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Elicting land cover object histories
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Elicting land cover object histories
1985
31
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Elicting land cover object histories
1988
31
256
21
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Elicting land cover object histories
1991
31
256
21
312
324
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Elicting land cover object histories
1994
31
256
21
312
310
324
311
327
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Elicting land cover object histories
1994
31
256
21
312
1
311
327
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Elicting land cover object histories
1994
31
256
21
312
2
311
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Elicting land cover object histories
1994
31
256
21
3
2
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Elicting land cover object histories
1997
31
256
21
3
2
460
474
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Elicting land cover object histories
1997
31
256
21
3
460
5
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Elicting land cover object histories
1997
31
256
21
460
6
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Elicting land cover object histories
1997
31
256
21
7
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Elicting land cover object histories
2000
31
256
21
427
7
431
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Elicting land cover object histories
2000
31
256
21
427
11
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Elicting land cover object histories
2000
31
256
21
12
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Anari from land cover to land use
Marked land concentration Government plan for
settling many colonists in the area has failed.
Large farmers have bought the parcels in an
illicit way
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Tools GEODMA (Data mining)
GEODMA geographical data mining analyst
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Tools TerraHS
Haskell
Developer
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Conclusion Land cover object types lifelines
rules obtain history of land use