Rigging, Signals, Power Line Safety

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Rigging, Signals, Power Line Safety Assembly /
Disassembly in Construction Safety Standard WAC
296-155
Chuck Lemon Crane Safety Manager
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Topics to be Covered

• Crane Requirements for Const. Activities
• Rigging Signal Person
• Part L Changes
• Power Line Requirements
• Assembly / Disassembly

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296-155-Part L

• Phase 1- Effective January 1, 2010 (Crane Safety
  Rule)
• Crane Certification
• Operator Certification
• Crane Types
• Includes Mobile, Articulating, Tower cranes when
  used in the construction industry

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296-155-Part L

• Cranes Included (performing construction
  activities)
• Mobile Cranes Crawler Cranes
• Lattice Boom Hydraulic Telescoping Boom
• Articulating Rough Terrain Cranes
• Tower Cranes Self Erecting Tower Cranes
• Derricks Digger Derricks
• Exempt (crane certification and operator
  certification)
• Cranes lt2000 capacity Backhoes
• Automobile Wreckers Pump Hoists
• Forklifts Dedicated Drilling Rig
• Permanently installed overhead/bridge cranes

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Washington State Crane Rule

• Phase 2- Effective February 1, 2012
• WAC 296-155, Safety Standards for Construction
  Workers, Part L
• As effective as OSHA
• Incorporated Latest ASME Requirements for Slings
  and Rigging Hardware
• 270 pages

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296-155 Part L

• Table of Contents (Readers Digest Version)

• Crane certification
• Crane proof load testing-requirements
• Crane certifier qualifications and accreditation
• Crane Operator qualifications and certification
• Signals and Signal person qualifications
• Rigging and Rigger qualifications
• Crane inspection and operational requirement

• Duties of assigned personnel
• Assembly/disassembly
• Mobile, Tower, Articulating Overhead cranes , and
  Derricks
• Wire Rope Inspections
• Power line safety
• Training
• Safety devices and Operational aids
• Personnel lifting requirements
• Rigging and rigging hardware

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Signal Persons Qualifications 296-155-53302
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Signal Person (Required as of Feb 1, 2012)

• This applies to construction activities which
  involve cranes, derricks, and powered industrial
  trucks which have been configured to hoist and
  lower by means of a winch or hook
• A Qualified Signal Person is required when
• Point of operation is not in full view of
  operator
• View of direction of travel is obstructed
• Site specific safety concerns which the operator
  or person handling the load determines it
  necessary
• working near energized power lines and a
  dedicated spotter is used, this spotter must also
  be a qualified signal person

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Signal Person Qualifications

• Qualification Requirements
• Know and understand the type(s) of signals which
  will be used
• Competent in the application of the type of
  signals used
• Have a basic understanding of equipment operation
  and limitations, crane dynamics, and boom
  deflection

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Signal Person Qualifications As of February 1st,
2012

• Qualification Requirements
• Verbal or written test
• AND practical test
• Documentation from qualified evaluator must be on
  site
• A Third Party Qualified Evaluator
• An Employer Qualified Evaluator
• Employer qualification is not portable

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Qualified Rigger (296-155-53306)
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What did the Rule say Before?
WAC 296-155-329 Qualified person Rigging.
Qualified person A person who, by possession
of a recognized degree or certificate of
professional standing, or who, by extensive
knowledge, training, and experience, has
successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or
resolve problems relating to the subject matter.
Also has authorization or authority by the nature
of their position to take prompt corrective
measures to eliminate them. The person shall be
knowledgeable in the requirements of this part.
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Riggers (contd)

• Qualification Requirements
• Know and understand the requirements of
  applicable ASME standards (such as B30.9,Slings
  and B30.26, Rigging Hardware)
• Know and understand the type of sling and hitches
  used including removal criteria for rigging gear
• Be competent in the application of the type of
  hitches used

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Riggers (contd)

• Qualification Requirements
• Basic understanding of the applicable slings,
  rigging hardware, winch, below-the-hook lifting
  devices and their limitations
• Know and understand rigging related conditions,
  such as load weight estimation, center of
  gravity, effect of angles on rigging components
  and basic hand signals, as applicable.

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Riggers (contd)

• Qualification Documents
• (July 31, 2012) Changed to
• (February 1, 2013)
• Written and Practical test
• Documentation from qualified evaluator must be on
  site
• A Third Party Qualified Evaluator
• An Employer Qualified Evaluator
• Employer's qualification is not portable

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Qualified Rigger

• When required
• During hoisting activities while Assembling or
  Disassembling a crane or derrick
• Whenever workers are
• Hooking, unhooking, guiding the load or
• in the initial connection of a load to a
  component or structure and are within the fall
  zone
• This applies to all construction material
  handling activities, including cranes, derricks,
  powered industrial trucks, excavators, backhoes ,
  loaders, come-a-longs, chain falls, etc. The
  Department is looking at developing a separate
  set of requirements for Material Handling not
  involving Cranes.

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Qualified Riggers and Signal Persons

• The employer must make the documentation for
  whichever option is used available at the site
  while the rigger or signal person is employed by
  the employer.
• The documentation must specify each type of
  rigging and signaling type
• The documentation must specify each type of
  signaling
• Sample Documentation

Qualified Rigger________________________________ Date _______________________ Qualified Rigger________________________________ Date _______________________
Rigging Type Chain Slings Wire Rope Synthetic Metal Mesh Rigging Hardware Shackles Turnbuckles Eye Bolts Wire Rope Clips
Third Party Evaluator __________________________ Employer Evaluator ___________________________ Evaluator Signature___________________________ Evaluator Company____________________________ Third Party Evaluator __________________________ Employer Evaluator ___________________________ Evaluator Signature___________________________ Evaluator Company____________________________
Qualified Signal Person__________________________ Date _______________________ Qualified Signal Person__________________________ Date _______________________
Signaling Type Voice Hand Radio Other_______________ Crane Type Mobile Tower Articulating Overhead
Third Party Evaluator _________________________ Employer Evaluator ___________________________ Evaluator Signature ___________________________ Evaluator Company____________________________ Third Party Evaluator _________________________ Employer Evaluator ___________________________ Evaluator Signature ___________________________ Evaluator Company____________________________
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Power Line Safety 296-155-53408
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Power Line Safety Requirements

• If the crane, load, or rigging could get closer
  than 20/50 feet to an energized power line there
  are new safety requirements which apply. 
• If the crane, load, or rigging can not get closer
  than 20/50 feet to the power line even if the
  crane is operated at its maximum working radius,
  the 20/50-foot requirement is satisfied.
• Minimum approach distance
• Up to 350kv 20 Feet
• Over 350KV 50 Feet

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Power Line Safety Requirements (Part L before
2/1/2012)

• For energized power lines rated at or below 50kV
  the minimum approach distance shall be 10 ft.
• For lines rated over 50 kV., minimum clearance
  between the lines and any part of the crane or
  load shall be 10 feet plus 0.4 inch for each 1
  kV. over 50 kV., or twice the length of the line
  insulator, but never less than 10 feet

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Power Line Safety Requirements (Table 4)

• Minimum Clearance Distances Table
• Voltage Minimum clearance
  distance
• up to 50 (kV) 10 (feet)
• over 50 to 200 15
• over 200 to 345 20
• over 345 to 500 25
• over 500 to 750 35
• over 750 to 1,000 45

That was easy
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Power Line Safety Requirements

• Identify the Work Zone
• Define the work zone by demarcating boundaries
  such as flags, or a device such as a range limit
  device or a range control warning device and
  prohibiting the operator from operating past
  those boundaries.

Note Flags
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If the crane or load COULD get closer than 20/50
feet of Power Lines in the Work Zone

• Crane operations near power lines, use one of 3
  Options
• Option 1 - Deenergize Ground Power lines
• Option 2 - Maintain 20/50 foot clearance
• Option 3 - Obtain power line voltage from Utility
  Owner/Operator and ensure the crane or rigging
  does not get closer than the distances listed in
  Table 4

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Power Line Safety Requirements

• Options 2 and 3 require the following
• Conduct a planning meeting with crane operator,
  all workers who will be in the area of crane
  load
• This meeting must address the location of the
  power lines and the steps that will be
  implemented to prevent encroachment-electrocution
• If tag lines are used they must be nonconductive
• Erect elevated warning line, barricade, or line
  of signs, in view of the operator, equipped with
  flags or similar high-visibility markings
• (opt 2 20/50 feet opt 3 Table 4)

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Nonconductive

• Nonconductive means that, because of the nature
  and condition of the materials used, and the
  conditions of use (including environmental
  conditions and condition of the material), the
  object in question has the property of not
  becoming energized (that is, it has high
  dielectric properties offering a high resistance
  to the passage of current under the conditions of
  use).

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Power Line Safety Requirements

• Options 2 and 3 also requires at least one of the
  following
• Proximity Alarm
• Dedicated Spotter that is also a Qualified
  Signal Person
• Range Control Warning Device
• Range Movement Limiter
• Insulating Link
• Currently, Proximity alarms and Insulating
  Links do not meet the National Recognized Testing
  Laboratory (NRTL) requirements.

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Power Line Safety Requirements

• If Dedicated Spotter is used, 5 rqmt. must be
  met
• Spotter must be in continuous contact with
  operator
• Be equipped with a visual aid to assist in
  identifying minimum clearance distance
• Examples of visual aid include Clearly visible
  line painted on ground, clearly visible line of
  stations, line-of-site landmarks (such as a fence
  post and building corner)

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Power Line Safety Requirements

• If Dedicated Spotter is used cont.
• Be positioned to effectively gauge the clearance
  distance
• Where necessary, use equipment that enables
  spotter to communicate directly with operator,
  such as radio or telephone
• Give timely information to the operator so that
  the required clearance distance can be maintained

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Could you get within 20 feet of a power line?
YES
NO
Option 1 Deenergize Ground
No Further Action
Encroachment Prevention Measures
Option 2 20-foot Clearance

• Planning Meeting
• If Tag Lines are Used, They Must be
  Nonconductive
• Elevated Warning Lines, Barricades, or Line of
  Signs
• PLUS (Choose One)
• Proximity Alarm, Spotter, Range Control Warning
  Device, Range Limiter, or Insulating Link

Option 3 Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table
4 (with minimum clearance distance)
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Operation INSIDE Table 4

• ALL of the following MUST be met (41 items)
• Notify Crane Safety Program at LI
• [phone] or LNICranes_at_Lni.wa.gov
• Employer determines it is infeasible to perform
  job without breaching minimum approach distances
• After consultation with utility owner/operator it
  is determined infeasible to deenergize ground
  power lines or relocate the power lines

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• Power Line owner/operator determines the minimum
  clearance distance
• Hold a planning meeting with utility
  owner/operator to determine the procedures to be
  followed in order to prevent electrical contact
  procedures must include
• Deactivation of device that automatically
  reenergizes circuit in event of power line
  contact
• Employ a dedicated spotter Spotter must

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• Be equipped with a visual aid to assist in
  identifying the minimum clearance distance
• Be positioned to effectively gauge clearance
  distance
• Use equipment that enables the dedicated spotter
  to communicate directly with the operator
• Give timely information to the operator
• Dedicated spotter must be a Qualified Signal
  Person (see WAC 296-155-53302)

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• Have an elevated warning line in view of the
  operator with high-visibility flags
• Use an insulating link installed at a point
  between the end of the load line and the load
• All employees who may come into contact with the
  equipment must wear gloves rated for the voltage
  involved
• Use nonconductive rigging

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• Use range limiter (if equipped) that is set to
  prevent breaching minimum clearance distance
• If tag line is used it must be nonconductive
• Barricade a perimeter at least 10 feet away from
  crane to prevent unauthorized entry
• Employees must be prohibited from touching the
  load line above the insulating link

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• Only essential employees are permitted in the
  area of the crane and load
• The crane must be properly grounded
• Insulating line hose or cover-up must be
  installed by the utility owner/operator
• Procedures are documented and available on-site
• The following personnel must meet with the
  utility owner/operator to discuss procedures

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• Crane user, crane operator, ALL workers that will
  be in the area of the crane or load
• Employer must ensure procedures are implemented
• Employer must identify one person who will direct
  the implementation of the procedures
• If a problem occurs implementing the procedures
  or it is found that the procedures are
  inadequate, new procedures must be developed or
  deenergize power lines

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• All safety devices, operational aids must meet
  manufacturers procedures for use
• The employer must train each employee and crew
  member assigned to work with the crane as
  follows
• Procedures to be followed to prevent electrical
  contact
• Information regarding the danger of electrocution
  from the operator simultaneously touching the
  crane and ground

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• The importance of the operator remaining inside
  the cab except where imminent danger of fire,
  explosion, or other emergency that necessitates
  leaving the cab
• The safest means of evacuating from the crane
  that may be energized
• The danger of potentially energized zone around
  the crane (step potential)
• The need for crew in the area to avoid
  approaching or touching the crane or load

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Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

• Safe clearance distance from power lines
• Power lines are presumed energized unless utility
  owner/operator confirms them insulated
• The limitations of an insulating link, proximity
  alarm, and range control device
• The procedures to be followed to properly ground
  crane and limitations of grounding

40
Power Line Safety

• Crane assembly/disassembly below energized power
  lines is prohibited.
• Crane assembly/disassembly inside Table 4 is
  prohibited.

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Non-Exempt Crane Crane Exempt 52900-53300 Excavator W /rigging Excavator W/O rigging Forklift W/O attachment Forklift W hook winch
Crane Certification Yes N/A EXEMPT EXEMPT Follow 296-863 Follow 296-863
Operator Certification Yes N/A EXEMPT EXEMPT Follow 296-863 Follow 296-863
Qualified Rigger 53306 When Required 296-155-55600(1) When Required 296-155-55600(1) When Required 296-155-55600(1) When Required 296-155-55600(1) When Required 296-155-55600(1) When Required 296-155-55600(1)
Qualified Signal Person 53302 When Required 296-155-53406(1) When Required 296-155-53406(1) EXEMPT EXEMPT EXEMPT When Required 296-155-53406(1)
Power Line 296-155 Part L Applicable Applicable EXEMPT EXEMPT EXEMPT Applicable
Power Line 296-155 Part I N/A N/A Applicable Applicable Applicable N/A
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Power Lines 296-155-Part L or Part I
Operator Certification Equipment Certification
Qualified Rigger (Part L 53306) ?
Qualified Signal Person (Part L 53302) ?
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Power Lines 296-155-Part L or Part I
Qualified Rigger (Part L 53306) ?
Operator Certification Equipment Certification
Qualified Signal Person (Part L 53302) ?
863
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Responsibilities Duties of Assigned Personnel

• Crane Owner has custodial control of the crane
  by virtue of lease or ownership
• Crane User arranges the cranes presence on a
  worksite and controls its use there
• Site Supervisor exercises supervisory control
  over the work site on which a crane is being used
  and over the work that is being performed on that
  site
• Lift Director directly oversees the work being
  performed by a crane and the associated rigging
  crew
• Crane Operator directly controls the cranes
  function

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Assembly/Disassembly
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Assembly/Disassembly

• Crane assembly or disassembly must be controlled
  by an Assembly/Disassembly (A/D) Director
• Must comply with
• Manufacturer procedures,
  or
• Employer procedures, which
  must be developed by a qualified
  person.

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Assembly/Disassembly

• Preassembly inspection.
• Prior to assembling crane components or
  attachments the A/D director must visually
  inspect the components and attachments to ensure
• Sound physical condition
• Meet manufacturers recommendations
• Functional per manufacturer's recommendations
• Documentation of this inspection must remain at
  the job site while the crane/derrick is in use.

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Assembly/Disassembly Procedures

• Assembly/Disassembly procedures must address
• Ways to prevent unintended dangerous movement or
  collapse of any part of the equipment
• Adequate support and stability of all parts of
  the equipment and
• Positioning employees involved in the
  assembly/disassembly operation that will minimize
  their exposure to unintended movement or collapse
  of the equipment.
• The A/D director must follow any manufacturer
  prohibitions that apply to the assembly/disassembl
  y operation.

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Assembly/Disassembly Director

• Crane assembly or disassembly must be controlled
  by an Assembly/Disassembly Director.
• An assembly/disassembly director is an individual
  who meets the criteria for both a competent
  person and a qualified person, or by a competent
  person who is assisted by one or more qualified
  persons.
• The A/D director must know understand the
  applicable assembly/disassembly procedures. 

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Assembly/Disassembly Director

• The A/D director must ensure that the crew
  members understand all of the following
• Their tasks
• The hazards associated with their tasks
• The hazardous positions locations that they
  need to avoid

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Assembly/Disassembly Director

• Assembly/Disassembly Director must cover 12 Key
  Hazards with their crew
• Adequate site and ground conditions
• Sufficient blocking for load and stability
• Suitable boom and jib pick points
• Identify center of gravity
• Stability for pin removal
• Consider wind speed and weather

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Assembly/Disassembly Director

• 12 Key Hazards (continued)
• The suitability of blocking material
• Verification of the loads for assist cranes
• Snagging of cables or components
• Struck by counterweights
• Boom hoist brake failure
• Loss of backwards stability

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Personnel Lifting Platforms 296-155-547

• 20 Pages
• Personnel Lift Design
• Personnel Lifting Hoisting Equipment
• Crane Derrick Requirements
• Inspections (Platform and Cranes)
• Lift proof Load Tests
• Trial Lift
• Crane Operation Requirements
• Employers Responsibilities
• Personnel Lift Supervisors Responsibilities
• Lifting Personnel

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Rigging 296-155-556 - 562

• 70 Pages
• Slings
• Chain
• Wire Rope
• Metal Mesh
• Synthetic Rope Slings, Web Slings, Round Slings
• Includes
• Design
• Maintenance Repair
• Testing
• Use

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Rigging 296-155-556 - 562

• Rigging Hardware
• Shackles
• Turnbuckles
• Eyebolts Eye Nuts
• Swivel Hoist Rings
• Wire Rope Clips
• Wedge Sockets
• Includes
• Design
• Maintenance Repair
• Testing
• Operation

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Rigging 296-155-556 - 562

• Lifting Device by Types
• Structural Mechanical Lifters
• Vacuum Lifters
• Lifting Magnets
• Grapples
• Includes
• Design
• Maintenance Repair
• Testing
• Operation

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Questions?
Chuck Lemon 360-902-4669 Lemc235_at_Lni.wa.gov