A Time of Conflict

1
A Time of Conflict

• Pirate ships began to attack American ships in
  the Mediterranean Sea
• These ships came from Morocco, Algiers, Tunisia
  and Tripoli (the Barbary State)
• These pirates took property and sailors, holding
  the sailors for ransom
• European governments stopped the raids by paying
  the States tributes (bribes)

2
A Time of Conflict

• Jefferson stopped paying tribute and sent
  warships to the Mediterranean
• The Philadelphia ran aground near Tripoli and
  the crew was imprisoned
• American sailors burned this ship to prevent the
  pirates from using it.
• American troops marched across the Sahara desert
  and captured Tripoli
• Importance This is the first time American
  military power is projected away from the United
  States.

3
Marine Corps Hymn

• Along with the Battle of Chapultepec in the
  Mexican American War, (which we will study this
  year too), the Barbary War is immortalized in the
  famous Marine Corps Hymn.
• Marine Corps Hymn

4
A Time of Conflict

• By 1803, France and England were at war
• Americans were Neutral
• To prevent the other side from getting supplies,
  the French and English began to seize American
  ships and stealing the cargo
• The British again used impressments

5
A Time of Conflict

• To try to stop this, in 1807, Jefferson passed
  the Embargo Act
• Forbid any trade on American ships sailing to any
  foreign port
• Jefferson thought this would stop the other
  countries from seizing ships
• Instead, the money made by exports fell, prices
  of crops declined and thousands of Americans lost
  their jobs
• Many Americans began to smuggle goods.

6
A Time of Conflict

• After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, many settlers
  moved West
• Diseases such as measles, smallpox and the flu
  killed thousands of Natives
• Settlers stole native lands for hunting
• The Shawnee people were hurt by the settlers
• In 1805, Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh urged Natives
  to fight against the settlers
• This action scared American officials
• In 1811, William Henry Harrison, marched his
  soldiers against the Shawnee villages and
  defeated the Natives at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
  Previous battles included the death of women and
  children.

7
Election of 1808

• Jefferson decides not seek a 3rd Term he is the
  first to willingly follow the example set by
  Washington.
• James Madison runs as a Democratic-Republican,
  and Pinckney runs as a Federalist.

8
Election of 1808
9
Build up to War

• There was tensions between Britain and the US
  when James Madison became president in 1809
• Arming Natives
• Impressments of sailors
• Americas new nationalism
• Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun became leaders in
  the House of Representatives
• They supported war with Britain-They were called
  War Hawks

10
The War of 1812

• Although England was at war in Europe, they would
  not give into US Demands to avoid war
• American kept trying to capture parts of Canada,
  which angered the British.
• War is often called The 2nd American War of
  Independence.

11
The War of 1812

• The US navy only had 16 warships, and the army
  had only 7,000 men
• The British set up a blockade of the Coast
• A major sea battle was in Aug 1812 and the USS
  Constitution defeated the British ship Guerriere

12
The War of 1812

• The British and Americans were also fighting for
  control of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi
• American General William Hull tried and failed to
  invade Canada
• The Americans did win at Lake Erie, where they
  defeated the British
• In the south, Natives attacked American
  settlements.
• Andrew Jackson fought back and defeated the
  natives at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Indiana)

13
The War of 1812

• The British Attacked Washington D.C. in August
  1814
• Dolly Madison, the Presidents wife gathered
  important documents and fled the building
• The British set fire to the White House

14
The War of 1812
15
The War of 1812

• They Then moved to Fort McHenry in Maryland
• Although the British fought through the night,
  the Americans had beaten off the attack
• Francis Scott Key saw this attack and later wrote
  The Star Spangled Banner
• England couldnt gain Baltimore, and returned to
  sea.

16
The War of 1812

• Many Federalists did not agree with this war, and
  met at the Hartford Convention to talk about New
  England states seceding from the US
• First meeting to secede from the U.S. was in the
  North, not the South.

17
Treaty of Ghent

• Ended the War of 1812.
• Last war between the U.S. and England.
• Although England comes close to aiding the
  Confederacy during the Civil War.

18
Battle of New Orleans

• The Treaty of Ghent had already been signed, but
  news travels slow.
• British attack New Orleans after the treaty
  signed, and Gen. Andrew Jackson defended New
  Orleans with a very small force, helped by the
  swamps and poor British leadership.

19
Importance of The War of 1812

• American Independence firmly in place.
• Natives located East of the Mississippi River are
  doomed
• Federalist Party is now DEAD, thanks to the
  Hartford Convention and the success of the War.