Spanish%20America%20and%20Brazil

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Spanish America and Brazil
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Spains New World Empire
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State and Church

• Spanish America expanded rapidly after 1492
• Portugal controlled Brazilian coast by 1600
• Colonial administration was based on the European
  model
• Spanish Council of the Indies replaced
  conquistadors
• Distance from Europe meant viceroys had a degree
  of independence

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• Catholic Church pursued conversion (religion,
  language, culture)
• Native resistance, depopulation meant that the
  Church became an urban institution (schools,
  universities)

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Colonial Economies

• American gold, silver, sugar financed European
  global domination
• 1st labor systems (encomienda, mita) est.
  w/Amerindian labor
• Over time, African slave trade became more
  important

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Colonial Society

• European immigrants exerted disproportionate
  control (Peninsulares, creoles)
• Indian became a racial signifier
• Mestizos and mulattoes-mixed ancestry
• Those w/African ancestry barred from privileged
  positions by 1600

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English and French Colonies in North America
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English Motivations

• Find NW Passage to Asia
• Rival Spanish
• Source of raw materials, export market
• First English colony (Roanoke, 1587) failed

Roanoke Island-The Lost Colony
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Southern Colonies

• VA Company- est. 1606
• Jamestown Colony- f. 1607
• New colony struggled to survive (disease,
  location, etc.)

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• Intro. of tobacco saved colony-required
  indentured servants, later slaves
• Other S. colonies (MD, NC, SC, GA) also had
  plantation economies (tobacco, indigo, rice) and
  therefore slavery

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Middle Atlantic Colonies

• English captured New Amsterdam-1664 (renamed NY)
• New colony linked NE and S
• NJ-accommodated expanding pop.
• PA-haven for Quakers
• Economy-trade, farming

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New England Colonies

• 1st colonies (Plymouth, MA Bay) est. by Puritans
  escaping persecution
• Economy-based on trade and farming
• Other NE colonies (NH, CT, RI) founded due to
  expan. From MA

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New France

• Cartier-claimed land around the St. Lawrence
  River for France in 1534
• Champlain-founded Quebec as 1st Fr. colony in the
  New World in 1608
• Economy depended on fur trade
• French missionaries would spread Catholicism
  (Jesuits)