Understanding%20the%20Food%20Chain%20

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• Understanding the Food Chain Natural Selection

Reminder student learning activities are at the
end of this power point.
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Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!

• HS-LS2-6. Evaluate the claims, evidence, and
  reasoning that the complex interactions in
  ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers
  and types of organisms in stable conditions, but
  changing conditions may result in a new
  ecosystem. Clarification Statement Examples of
  changes in ecosystem conditions could include
  modest biological or physical changes, such as
  moderate hunting or a seasonal flood and extreme
  changes, such as volcanic eruption or sea level
  rise.
• HS-LS2-7.
• Evaluate the evidence for the role of group
  behavior on individual and species chances to,
  survive and reproduce. Clarification Statement
  Emphasis is on (1) distinguishing between group
  and individual behavior, (2) identifying evidence
  supporting the outcomes of group behavior, and
  (3) developing logical and reasonable arguments
  based on evidence. Examples of group behaviors
  could include flocking, schooling, herding, and
  cooperative behaviors such as hunting, migrating,
  and swarming.

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Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resource Standards
Addressed

• NRS.01.01.01.a. Summarize and classify the
  different kinds of natural resources using common
  classification schemes (e.g., living versus
  non-living, renewable versus nonrenewable, native
  versus introduced, etc.).
• NRS.04.01.03.a. Identify and categorize
  characteristics of a healthy wildlife habitat.

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Bell Work / Objectives

• Describe scientific classification and naming of
  animal wildlife.
• Identify life-sustaining processes in animal
  wildlife.
• Distinguish wildlife reproductive processes.
• Explain the major nutrient needs of animal
  wildlife.
• Describe the basic habitat requirements for
  wildlife species.

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Terms

• Anatomy
• Asexual reproduction
• Biotic pyramid
• Circulatory system
• Class
• Cover
• Digestive system
• Excretory system

• Family
• Genus
• Integumentary system
• Invertebrates
• Kingdom
• Muscular system
• Nervous system
• Nutrient

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Terms

• Order
• Phylum
• Physiology
• Respiratory system
• Scientific name
• Sexual reproduction

• Skeletal System
• Space
• Species
• Vertebrate

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How do people get their names?

• Culture
• Family tradition
• Family names use the last names of people.
• Last names
• Could be that of its father but could be of its
  mother or a combination of the two.
• Given names are received at birth.
• Is your given name the same of a parent or
  grandparent?

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What is the scientific classification and naming
of animal wildlife?

• Scientific classification is based on carefully
  obtained information about animals.
• A system of taxonomy is used consistently
  worldwide.
• Modern classification uses seven divisions or
  stages.

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7 Divisions of Classification

• Kingdom broadest classification.
• All living things are classified into five
  divisions animalia, plantae, fungi, monera, and
  protista.

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7 Divisions of Classification

• Phylum second division is classification.
• The three most important phyla in studying
  wildlife are chordata phylum, arthropoda phylum,
  and mollusca phylum.

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7 Divisions of Classification

• Class the third division in classification.
• Some important classes in the chordate phylum of
  animals are Mammalia, Reptilia, and Aves.

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7 Divisions of Classification (cont.)

• Order consists of animals that are more alike
  than the class.
• Orders are based on feeding characteristics.

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7 Divisions of Classification (cont.)

• Family made up of animals that are more alike
  than the orders and are often based on anatomical
  features of animals.
• Genus made up of very similar groups, but do
  not naturally breed with each other.

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7 Divisions of Classification (cont.)

• Species contains very similar individuals
  within the same genus.
• They are capable of breeding with each other, and
  are sometimes divided into subspecies.

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Scientific Name

• Every animal species has a scientific name.
• Scientists use these names worldwide based on
  information about a species.
• The scientific name of an animal is a combination
  of the genus and species. The genus is the first
  capitalized work followed by the species name.

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Scientific Name

• The scientific name is always written in italics
  or underlined.
• Scientific names will not change unless
  information results in a new name for the species.

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Review
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What are life-sustaining processes in animal
wildlife?

• All animals have body systems that carry out life
  processes.
• Anatomy and physiology influence how organisms
  live and go about life processes.
• The way functions are carried out is influenced
  by the form of the organ systems.

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Anatomy Physiology

• Anatomy the study of the form, shape, and
  appearance of animals.
• The differences are obvious to our eyes and make
  it possible for each species to sustain itself in
  its environment.
• Physiology the study of the functions of parts
  of the anatomy.

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Organ Systems

• Skeletal System body framework that gives the
  body shape and protects the organs.
• Wildlife animals have skeletal systems made of
  bone, cartilage, or chitin.
• Animals with backbones are known as vertebrates.
• Animals without backbones or internal skeletons
  are called invertebrates.

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Organ Systems

• Digestive System prepares the food for use by
  the body
• The major parts are the mouth, esophagus,
  stomach, intestines, and the anus.

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Organ Systems

• Respiratory System responsible for taking in
  oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide.
• Many animals have lungs to breathe, while fish
  have gills to filter the oxygen out of the water.

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Organ Systems

• Muscular System creates bodily movement and
  support with special tissues called muscles.
• The muscles are attached to the skeletal system
  by ligaments, which allow bodily movement.

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Organ Systems

• Circulatory System network of vessels that move
  blood throughout the body.
• The major organ in this system is the heart.

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Organ Systems

• Excretory System this system rids the body of
  wastes, such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen,
  and undigested solid food material.

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Organ Systems

• Nervous System conducts impulses back and forth
  from the brain to the muscles.
• Vertebrates have a spinal column containing a
  spinal cord the major part of the nervous
  system.

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Organ Systems

• Integumentary System this system consists of
  the skin.
• Skin protects the internal organs and gives shape
  to the body.
• It helps regulate temperature and provides a
  place for hair, fur, and scales to grow.

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What is the wildlife reproductive process?

• Reproduction is the process by which a species
  produces new organisms to perpetuate itself.
• Two Types
• Sexual reproduction
• Asexual reproduction

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Sexual Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction involves the union of the
  sperm with the egg.
• Sperm are the male sex cells produced in the
  testes.
• Eggs are the female sex cells produced in the
  ovaries.
• Mating involves a male and a female joining
  together for the male to release sperm on or near
  the egg(s) of a female.
• Fertilization may occur internally or externally.

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Asexual Reproduction

• Asexual reproduction is producing new organisms
  without the sexual union of male and female
  cells. (There is no need for the union of an egg
  and a sperm in asexual reproduction)
• Asexual reproduction is common in plants, but not
  in animals.
• An approach to producing identical offspring is
  by cloning or embryo splitting.

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What are the major nutrient needs of animal
wildlife?

• Animals need food to live a long life and grow
  into healthy organisms.
• Nutritious food provides nutrients.
• Most animal food comes from two sources plants
  and animals

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Nutritious Food

• A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that
  supports life.
• Essential nutrients are those that are needed to
  provide for an organism depending on its stage in
  life.
• Energy nutrients are needed for an animal to be
  active and carry out life processes.
• These include carbohydrates and fats, such as
  starches, sugars, and plant oils.

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Nutritious Food

• Protein is needed for growth, maintenance, and
  reproduction.
• It is used to build strong, new tissue and repair
  old tissue.
• Minerals are needed in many ways such as growth,
  reproduction, and to build bones, shells, hooves,
  teeth, and horns.

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Nutritious Food

• Vitamins are present in many foods and are needed
  to regulate body functions.
• The health of an animal depends largely on
  adequate vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, K,
  and B complex.

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Food Sources plants animals

• Plant food material is eaten by herbivores.
• Herbivores are at the bottom of the food chain.
• Animal food sources are eaten by carnivores and
  omnivores.
• These animals tend to be at the middle to the top
  of the food chain.

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What are the basic habitat requirements for
wildlife species?

• They must have life requirements that must be met
  by their habitat in order to insure their
  well-being.
• Habitat is the physical area in which members of
  a wildlife species live.
• Habitat supports life processes.

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Basic Requirements

• All organisms require food.
• A key component of food is energy.
• The source of energy for all living things is the
  sun.
• The biotic pyramid is a series of transfers of
  food energy from one organism to another.

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Basic Requirements

• This is a graphical way of showing a food chain.
• An animals habitat needs to provide food year
  round.

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Basic Requirements

• Water is a basic need of life.
• It is not a food nutrient because it does not
  supply energy.
• Water determines the species of plants that will
  grow in an area, and therefore determines the
  wildlife species that live there.
• Some examples of water sources for wildlife
  animals are lakes, streams, rivers, and creeks.

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Basic Requirements

• Cover is the vegetation or other material that
  provides safety in a habitat.
• Animals use cover for nesting, resting,
  protection, and escaping danger from predators.

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Basic Requirements

• Space is the area or territory around an
  organism.
• Space provides air, food sources, and cover.
• Space requirements vary from year to year and the
  quality of habitat.

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Review / Summary

• What is the scientific classification and naming
  of animal wildlife?
• What are life-sustaining processes in animal
  wildlife?
• What is the wildlife reproductive process?
• What are the major nutrient needs of animal
  wildlife?
• What are the basic habitat requirements for
  wildlife species?

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The End!
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Student Learning Activities

• Sample tests are available in the Lesson Plan
  tab.

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Name _______________________
Food Chains Worksheet
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Answers to Food Chains worksheet
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• Have students draw a waterfowl habit. Their habit
  should include the animals in it, their space,
  water, cover, and food.

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Here is an example of a waterfowl habitat. With
ducks, cover, food, water, and space.
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Here are some foldable ideas that you can have
your students fill out. You can ether have them
fill out what each tab means, or you can have
them fill out each tab for an animal.
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KEY
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For this activity have students mash two
creatures together to create an new animal. After
they create (draw or Photoshop) their creature,
have them name and scientific name it and
describe its special characteristics. Have them
explain where it lives, what it eats, what eats
it,. Have students describe their animals
habitat. You can have them create a display and
present their animal to the class, or have them
write a report on their animal that includes a
picture. Here is an example animal that you can
show your students.
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• Have students draw the different organ systems of
  a deer. They need to draw the skeletal system,
  digestive system, respiratory system, muscular
  system, circularly system, excretory system,
  nervous system, integumentary system, and the
  reproduction system. Have them draw the system on
  the deer outline on the next slide.

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Name ____________________________ System
_____________________
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Name ________________________
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Raccoon Ladybug Black bear Rock Squirrel Mountain Lion Turkey Mule deer Bobcat Common name
Tayassuidae Ursus arctos Pituophis caternifer sayi Sylvilagus Crotalus atrox Oncorhynchus mykiss Cervus Canadensis Scientific name
Scientific Name Worksheet Fill in the table with
ether the common name or the scientific name.
Make sure that you write the scientific name
correctly
Name____________________
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Raccoon Javelina Ladybug Brown bear Black bear Bull snake Rock squirrel Cottontail rabbit Mountain Lion Western Diamondback rattlesnake turkey Rainbow trout Mule deer Elk Bobcat Common name
Procyon Lotor Tayassuidae Coccinellidae Ursus arctos Ursus americanus Pituophis caternifer sayi Otospermophilus variegatus Sylvilagus Felis Concolor Crotalus atrox Meleagris gallopavo Oncorhynchus mykiss Odocoileus humionus Cervus Canadensis Lynx rufus Scientific name
KEY
Scientific Name Worksheet Fill in the table with
ether the common name or the scientific name.
Name _____________________
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