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Introduction to Polylines and Multilines Chapter 15

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Title: Introduction to Polylines and Multilines Chapter 15


1
Introduction to Polylines and MultilinesChapter
15
  • Sacramento City College
  • EDT 310

2
Polylines
3
Polylines
  • The term polyline is composed of the words "poly"
    and "line."
  • Poly means many.

4
Polylines
  • A polyline is
  • A single object that can be
  • Made up of one or more varied-width line segments.

5
The PLINE Command
6
Polylines
  • Polylines are drawn with the PLINE command.
  • The TRACE command, is similar to the PLINE
    command.
  • Both commands can be used to draw thick lines.
  • PLINE has numerous advantages over TRACE

7
Polylines
  • Polylines advantages over normal lines
  • 1. Polylines can be drawn as thick or tapered
    lines.
  • 2. Polylines are more flexible than lines drawn
    with the TRACE command.
  • 3. Polylines can be any linetype.

8
Polylines
  • 4. Polylines can be edited.
  • 5. Closed polygons can be drawn.
  • 6. The area or perimeter of a polyline object can
    be determined easily.
  • 7. Arcs and straight lines of varying thickness
    can be joined as single objects.

9
Polylines
  • The PLINE command is similar to the LINE command.
  • But
  • All segments of a polyline are treated as a
    single object.
  • Lines drawn with the LINE command, are individual
    segments.

10
Polylines
  • To draw a polyline,
  • Pick the Polyline button from the Draw toolbar
  • OR
  • Pick Polyline from the Draw pull-down menu
  • OR
  • Type PL or PLINE at the Command prompt

11
Polylines
  • Command PL or PLINE
  • Specify start point (select a point)
  • Current line-width is 0.0000
  • Specify next point or Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/
    Undo/Width (select the next point)
  • Press Enter to end the PLINE command and return
    to the Command prompt.

12
Polylines
  • A line width of 0.0000 produces a line of minimum
    width.

13
Setting the Polyline Width
  • To adjust the Width of a PLINE
  • Use the Width option after you enter the PLINE
    command to change the line width, and
  • have selected the first point of the PLINE.

14
Polyline Options
15
Polyline Options
  • Polyline Options
  • Width
  • Halfwidth
  • Length
  • Undo

16
Setting the Polyline Width
  • Width option
  • Specify the starting and ending widths of the
    line.
  • The starting width value that you specify becomes
    the default setting for the ending width.
  • To keep the line the same width, press Enter at
    the second prompt.

17
Setting the Polyline Width
  • If a tapered line is desired, enter different
    values for the starting and ending widths.

Starting Width 0.0000
Ending Width 1.0000
18
Halfwidth Option
  • Halfwidth option
  • Allows you to specify the width of the polyline
    from the center to one side.

19
Length Option
  • Length option
  • Not intuitive
  • Allows you to draw another polyline having the
    same angle as the previous polyline.
  • To use After drawing a polyline
  • Reissue the PLINE command
  • Pick a starting point.
  • Enter the Length option
  • Give the desired length.
  • The 2nd PLINE will be parallel to the first PLINE.

20
Undoing Previously Drawn Polylines
  • Undo option
  • Use while inside the PLINE command
  • Erases the last polyline segment drawn.
  • Enter U at the prompt line and then press Enter
  • Each time you use the Undo option, another
    polyline segment is erased.

21
Undoing Previously Drawn Polylines
  • The cursor remains attached to the end of the
    polyline segment that was drawn before the undone
    segment.
  • You can now continue to draw additional polyline
    segments
  • OR
  • Type U and press Enter again to undo another
    segment.

22
Undoing Previously Drawn Polylines
  • Undo Option
  • You can use the Undo option to remove all of the
    polyline segments up to the first point of the
    polyline.
  • The segments are removed in reverse order (from
    the order in which they were drawn).

23
The U Command
24
The U Command
  • The U command works in much the same way.
  • The U Command is not the Undo option of the PLINE
    command.
  • The U command can be used to undo any previous
    commands.

25
The U Command
  • To execute the U command
  • Pick the Undo button from the Standard toolbar
  • OR
  • Pick Undo from the Edit pull-down menu
  • OR
  • Pressing the CtrlZ key combination
  • OR
  • Enter U at the Command prompt.

26
The U Command
  • The U command can also be activated by
  • Right-clicking in the drawing area.
  • Selecting Undo from the shortcut menu.
  • AutoCAD gives you a message indicating which
    command was undone
  • Command U
  • PLINE
  • Command

27
The U Command
  • You can only undo one command at a time.
  • Repeated UNDOs can be executed.
  • The UNDO command,
  • Has more options than the U command
  • Is more versatile than the U command.

28
The REDO Command
29
The REDO Command
  • The REDO command
  • is used to bring back objects that were erased
    with the UNDO and U commands.

30
The REDO Command
  • Enter REDO at the Command prompt
  • OR
  • Pick Redo from the Edit pull-down menu
  • OR
  • Press the CtrlY key combination
  • OR
  • Pick the Redo button from the Standard toolbar to
    activate the command.

31
The UNDO Mark
  • The REDO command works only immediately after
    undoing something.
  • REDO does not bring back polyline segments that
    were removed using the Undo option of the PLINE
    command.

32
The TRACE Command
33
The TRACE Command
  • To draw thick lines, the TRACE command can be
    used instead of the PLINE command.

34
The TRACE Command
  • To use the TRACE command
  • Enter TRACE at the Command prompt.
  • Specify the trace width.
  • Select points as you would with the LINE command.
  • The trace width is stored in the TRACEWID system
    variable.

35
The TRACE Command
  • Command TRACE
  • Specify trace width ltcurrentgt (enter width)
  • Specify start point (select start point)
  • Specify next point (select second point)
  • Specify next point (select additional points or
    press Enter to complete)
  • Command
  • Trace segment ends are mitered to fit the next
    segment.

36
The TRACE Command
  • The problems with TRACE are
  • The previous trace segment is not drawn on screen
    until the next endpoint is specified.
  • There is no close option with the TRACE command.

37
Filling Polylines and TracesThe FILL Command
38
The FILL Command
  • Traces and polylines can be
  • Filled in, or
  • Shown as an outline.
  • These functions are controlled by the FILL
    command.
  • The FILL command has two modes, ON and OFF.

39
The FILL Command
  • Command FILL
  • Enter mode ON/OFF ltcurrentgt
  • When the FILL is on, traces and polylines appear
    filled after they are drawn.
  • When FILL is off, traces and polylines appear as
    outlines, and the corners are mitered.

40
The FILL Command
  • After turning FILL off, REGEN to have the fill
    removed.

41
The FILL Command
  • FILL on
  • May slow down your computer.
  • If you have many wide polylines or traces in a
    drawing, keep FILL mode turned off.
  • This saves time when redrawing, regenerating, or
    plotting a check copy of the drawing.

42
The UNDO Command
43
The UNDO Command
  • The UNDO command is different from the U command.
  • The UNDO command offers several options that
    allow you to undo a single command or a number of
    commands at once.

44
The UNDO Command
  • The command sequence is as follows
  • Command UNDO
  • Enter the number of operations to undo or
    Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back

45
The UNDO Command
  • The default option allows you to designate the
    number of previous command sequences you wish to
    remove.
  • If you enter 1, the previous command sequence is
    removed.
  • If you enter 2, the previous two command
    sequences are removed.
  • AutoCAD tells you which commands were undone with
    a message after you press Enter.

46
The UNDO Command
  • Command UNDO
  • Enter the number of operations to undo or
    Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back 2
  • PLINE LINE
  • Command

47
The UNDO Command
  • There are several other types of undo operations
    that can be performed with the UNDO command.

48
The UNDO Command - Auto Option
  • The Auto option can be turned on or off.
  • When Auto option is on, any commands that are
    part of a group and used to perform a single
    operation are removed together.
  • When a command contains other commands, all of
    the commands in that group are removed as one
    single command.
  • The Auto option is on by default.

49
The UNDO Command - Auto Option
  • If Auto is turned off, each command in a group of
    commands is treated individually.

50
The UNDO Command - Control Option
  • The Control option allows you to specify how many
    of the UNDO command options you want active.
  • You can even disable the UNDO command altogether.

51
The UNDO Command - Control Option
  • To use the Control option
  • Enter C after issuing the UNDO command
  • Enter the number of operations to undo or
    Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back C
  • Enter an UNDO control option All/None/One
    ltAllgt (enter a control option and press Enter)

52
The UNDO Command - All Option
  • The All suboption keeps the full range of UNDO
    command options active.
  • All is the default setting.

53
The UNDO Command - None Option
  • The None suboption disables the U and UNDO
    commands.
  • When disabled, and the U command is entered, the
    following prompt appears
  • Command U
  • U command disabled. Use UNDO command to turn it
    on
  • This prompt indicates how to reactivate the U and
    UNDO commands.

54
The UNDO Command - Auto Option
  • If you type UNDO at the Command prompt, the
    following appears
  • Command UNDO
  • Enter an UNDO control option All/None/One
    ltAllgt
  • To activate the UNDO options, press Enter for
    All.

55
The UNDO Command - One Option
  • Enter 0 for the One suboption.
  • This setting limits UNDO to one operation only.
  • Command UNDO
  • Control/ltlgt -i
  • LINE
  • Everything has been undone Command

56
The Auto Option
  • Type C at the Control/ltlgt prompt to redisplay
    the Control suboptions.

57
The Begin and End Options
  • The BEgin and End options of the UNDO command are
    used together to perform several undo operations
    at once.
  • They allow you to group a series of commands and
    treat the entire group as a single command.
  • Once the group is defined, the U command is then
    used to remove the commands that follow the BEgin
    option but precede the End option.

58
The Begin and End Options
  • These options are useful if you can anticipate
    the possible removal of several commands that are
    entered consecutively.

59
The Begin and End Options
  • For example, to undo the next three commands
  • Command UNDO
  • Enter the number of operations to undo or
    Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back BE
  • Command L or LINE
  • Command PL or PLINEJ
  • Command L or LINE-I
  • Command UNDO
  • Enter the number of operations to undo or
    Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back EJ
  • Command U

60
The Begin and End Options
  • The U command undoes the three commands that were
    executed in the previous sequence.
  • The BEgin option must precede the command
    sequence
  • The End option must immediately follow the last
    command to be undone.

61
The UNDO Mark
  • The UNDO Mark option allows you to insert a
    "marker" in the undo file.
  • The UNDO Back option then enables you to delete
    commands "back" to the marker.

62
The UNDO Mark
  • If you do not want certain work to be undone by
    the Back option, enter the Mark option after
    completing the work
  • Command UNDO
  • Enter the number of operations to undo or
    Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back Mj
  • Command

63
The UNDO Mark
  • If you decide to remove any work, reissue the
    UNDO command and enter the Back option.
  • This will undo everything back to the marker
  • Command UNDO
  • Enter the number of operations to undo or
    (Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back B

64
The UNDO Mark
  • If no marks have been entered, this undoes
    everything in the entire drawing!
  • AutoCAD questions your choice with the following
    message
  • This will undo everything. OK? ltYgt

65
The UNDO Mark
  • If you want everything that you have drawn and
    edited to be undone, press Enter.
  • If not, enter N or NO and press Enter, or press
    the Esc key.

66
The UNDO Mark
  • CAUTION Be very careful when using the UNDO Back
    option.
  • Entering this option undoes everything in the
    entire drawing.
  • You can bring back what you have undone if you
  • type REDO at the Command prompt and
  • press Enter immediately after using the UNDO
    Back option.

67
The UNDO Mark
  • If you use any other command, even REDRAW, after
    using UNDO Back, the drawing is lost forever !

68
The UNDO Mark
  • The REDO command can be used to restore commands
    removed with UNDO.

69
The UNDO Mark
  • The UNDO Mark option can be used to assist in the
    design process.
  • If you are working on a project and have
    completed a portion of the design, mark that spot
    with the Mark option and then begin work on the
    next design phase.
  • If anything goes wrong with this part of the
    design, use the UNDO Back option to remove
    everything back to the mark.

70
Multilines
71
Drawing Multilines
  • A multiline consists of between 1 and 16 parallel
    lines that act as one line.
  • The lines in the set of multilines are called
    elements.

72
Drawing Multilines
  • Multilines are commonly used for drawing
  • Roads
  • Walls of buildings for architectural plans.

73
Drawing Multilines
  • The MLINE command is accessed by
  • Picking the Multiline button from the Draw
    toolbar
  • OR
  • Picking Multiline in the Draw pull-down menu
  • OR
  • Typing ML or MLINE at the Command prompt.

74
Drawing Multilines
  • Three commands relate to multilines
  • MLINE. (ML)
  • MLSTYLE.
  • MLEDIT.

75
Drawing Multilines
  • The MLSTYLE command
  • Allows you to create multilines.

76
Drawing Multilines
  • The default multi-line style has
  • Two elements (lines).
  • Continuous line type.
  • Is called STANDARD.

77
Multiline Justification
  • Justification determines how the resulting lines
    are offset.

78
Multiline Justification
  • Justification
  • Can be specified only once during a single MLINE
    command sequence and
  • Is based on a counterclockwise rotation direction.

79
Multiline Justification
  • The justification options are
  • Top
  • Zero
  • Bottom
  • TOP is the default
  • The current value remains in effect until changed.

80
Top Justification
81
Zero Justification
82
Bottom Justification
83
Multiline Justification
  • To change the justification
  • Enter J at the first prompt
  • Enter the first letter of the desired
    justification
  • Top
  • Zero
  • Bottom

84
Multiline Justification
  • The justification setting is stored in the
    AutoCAD CMLJUST system variable.

85
Adjusting the Multiline Scale
  • The Scale option controls the multiplier for the
    offset values specified in the MLSTYLE command.
  • The multiplier is stored in the CMLSCALE system
    variable.

86
Adjusting the Multiline Scale
  • When the scale is 1, the distance between
    multiline elements is equal to 1 times the offset
    distance.
  • If the offset distance is 0.5, the distance
    between multiline elements is 0.5 when the
    multiline scale is 1.
  • If the multiline scale is 2, the distance between
    multiline elements is 1 (0.5 x 2).

87
Adjusting the Multiline Scale
  • For zero justification,
  • The multiline elements are offset 0.5 units on
    either side of the definition points picked.
  • Example If the multiline scale is 2
  • Top and Bottom justification 2 units offset
  • Zero justification 1 unit and -1 unit offset.

88
Setting Your Own Multiline Style
  • ML Command Style option
  • Allows you to specify the current multiline
    style.
  • The style must be saved before it can be accessed.

89
Setting Your Own Multiline Style
  • Using saved Multiline styles
  • Type ML
  • Type ST - to access the style option,
  • Type the known multiline style name.
  • A ? lists all of the names of the multiline
    styles.
  • Typing a name of a multiline style that does not
    exist, the Load multiline style from file dialog
    box is displayed

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Setting Your Own Multiline Style
  • Multilines are stored in the acad.mln file
    library.

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Setting Your Own Multiline Style
  • You can load the multiline style from another
    file (not acad.lin).
  • Custom multilines can be purchased for AutoCAD.

95
Defining Multilines
96
Multiline Styles
  • Use the MLSTYLE command to define multilines.

97
Multiline Styles
  • The MLSTYLE command can be accessed by
  • Picking the Multiline Style entry in the Format
    pull-down menu
  • OR
  • Typing MLSTYLE at the Command prompt.

98
Multiline Styles
  • The Multiline options are
  • Current
  • Name
  • Description
  • Load... Button
  • Save... button.
  • Add button.
  • Rename button.

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Multiline Styles
  • Current Text box.
  • The Current text box makes the specified
    multiline style current.
  • Specifying a different style changes the setting
    of the CMLSTYLE system variable.
  • Until you create a multiline style, the only
    style available is STANDARD.

101
Multiline Styles
  • NameText box.
  • This text box is used to enter the name for a new
    style.
  • Description Text box.
  • An optional description of your multiline style
    may be entered in this text box.

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Multiline Styles
  • Load... button.
  • This button allows you to load a multiline style
    from an external multiline definition file.
  • Save... button.
  • The Save... button is used to save a style to a
    file.

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Multiline Styles
  • Add button.
  • Pick the Add button after entering a multiline
    style name in the Name text box.
  • This adds the multiline style name to the list of
    defined styles.
  • Rename button.
  • Pick this button to rename a multiline style.

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Creating A Multiline
108
Element Properties Dialog Box
  • Create a new multiline style by
  • 1. MLStyle
  • 2. Type name of new multiline
  • NewExample
  • 3. Click ADD

109
Multiline Element Properties
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Element Properties Dialog Box
  • Elements Properties Dialog Box contains
  • Elements area.
  • Add button.
  • Delete button.
  • Offset text box.
  • Color... button.
  • Linetype... button.

112
Element Properties Dialog Box
  • Elements area.
  • Displays the current
  • Offset.
  • Color
  • Linetype settings
  • for each multiline element.
  • Picking one of the elements highlights the items
    for modification.

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Element Properties Dialog Box
  • Add button.
  • Add a new element to the multiline definition.
  • Delete button.
  • Deletes a highlighted item in the Elements area.

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Element Properties Dialog Box
  • Offset text box.
  • Enter either a positive or negative offset value
    for a highlighted element.

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Element Properties Dialog Box
  • Color... button.
  • Accesses the Select Color dialog box.
  • Pick the color you wish to assign to the
    highlighted element.
  • After picking OK, the new color is displayed in
    the image tile next to the Color... button.

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Element Properties Dialog Box
  • Linetype... button.
  • Pick the desired linetype from the Loaded
    Linetypes list.
  • Linetypes must be loaded before they can be used.

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Multiline Properties Options
131
Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • The Multiline Properties dialog box offers
    additional options for customizing multiline
    styles.
  • Access by
  • Picking the Multiline Properties... button in the
    Multiline Styles dialog box.
  • See Figure 15-12.

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Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • You can add the following to multi-line elements
  • Caps.
  • Segment joints.
  • Background color.

135
Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • Joints
  • Are lines that
  • connect the vertices of adjacent multiline
    elements.
  • Joints are also called miters.
  • Display joints check box.
  • This check box turns the display of joints on and
    off.

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Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • Caps
  • Are lines that
  • Connect the vertices of the beginning or ending
    points of the multiline elements.
  • Caps area.
  • Controls the placement of caps on multilines.

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Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • Caps can be set at the
  • Start points
  • Endpoints
  • Both.

144
Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • Arcs can also be specified.
  • Arcs can be set to connect the
  • Ends of the outermost elements only
  • Pairs of interior elements
  • Both the outer and interior elements.
  • The arcs are drawn tangent to the elements they
    connect.
  • Specifying outermost arcs to be drawn requires at
    least two multiline elements.

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Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • Angle Text Box
  • Allows you to change the angle of the caps
    relative to the direction of the multiline
    elements.

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Multiline Properties Dialog Box
  • Fill area.
  • If the check box labeled On is activated, the
    multiline is filled with a solid fill pattern in
    the color specified.
  • Pick this check box to activate the Color...
    button.
  • You can leave the color set to BYLAYER or change
    it by picking the Color... button.

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Multiline Styles
161
Multiline Styles
  • MLSTYLE command
  • Displays the Multiline Styles dialog box.
  • Use this box to define, edit, and save multiline
    styles.
  • Styles can be saved to an external file so they
    can be used in other drawings.

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Editing Multilines
164
Editing Multilines
  • The MLEDIT command permits limited editing
    operations for multiline objects.

165
Editing Multilines
  • Access this command by
  • Picking Multiline... from the Modify pull-down
    menu
  • OR
  • Entering MLEDIT at the Command prompt
  • OR
  • Picking the Edit Multiline button in the Modify
    toolbar.

166
Editing Multilines
  • The Multiline Edit Tools dialog box is displayed.

167
Editing Multilines
  • The image buttons give you an example of what to
    expect when using each editing option.

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Editing Intersections
  • Pick a button to create the type of intersection
    shown.
  • The name of the MLEDIT option is displayed in the
    lower left comer of the dialog box when you pick
    an image button.

170
Editing Intersections
  • Closed Cross.
  • The first multiline selected is called the
    background. It remains unchanged.
  • The second multiline selected is called the
    foreground. It remains unchanged.

171
Editing Intersections
  • Note that the trimming is apparent, not actual. (
    ! )
  • This means that the line visibility of the
    background multiline is changed, but it is still
    one multiline.

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Editing Intersections
  • U to undo the intersection you have just made.

174
Editing Intersections
  • Cross editing options
  • Closed Cross.
  • Open Cross.
  • Merged Cross.

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Editing Tees
  • Other Tee editing options
  • Closed Tee
  • Open Tee.
  • Merged Tee.

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Editing Intersections
  • Other options
  • Corner Joint.
  • Add Vertex.
  • Delete Vertex.
  • Cut Single.
  • Cut All.
  • Weld All.

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Editing Intersections
  • Corner Joint.
  • Allows you to create a corner joint between two
    multilines.
  • The first multiline is trimmed or extended to its
    intersection with the second multiline.

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Editing Intersections
  • Add Vertex.
  • Adds a vertex to an existing multiline at the
    location you pick.

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Editing Intersections
  • Add Vertex
  • The command sequence differs slightly from the
    sequences used with the other MLEDIT options.
  • After you select the Add Vertex option and pick
    OK, you are prompted with the following
  • Select mline (pick a location on the
    multilinefor the new vertex)
  • Select mline or Undo j
  • Command

184
Editing Intersections
  • Delete Vertex.
  • The Delete Vertex option allows you to remove a
    vertex from an existing multiline.
  • The vertex closest to the location you pick is
    deleted.

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