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Middle Ages

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Middle Ages Feudalism FEUDALISM A political and military system based on the holding of land, with the emphasis on local protection, local government, and local self ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Middle Ages


1
Middle Ages
  • Feudalism

2
FEUDALISM
  • A political and military system based on the
    holding of land, with the emphasis on local
    protection, local government, and local
    self-sufficiency
  • At the heart of feudalism was an agreement
    between lord and vassal.

3
  • Lord- In the feudal system, the person who makes
    a grant of land to another person
  • Vassal- A person who receives land and pledges
    military service.
  • Vassalage grew out of the late Roman practice of
    commendation, where a patron would seal an
    offer of protection by clasping the hands of his
    clients
  • Loyalty was the bond between the vassal and the
    lord. There was an oath sworn between them that
    was like a written contract today.

4
  • Fief- (fee) the piece of land given to a vassal
    by a lord (ex) fee for military service.
  • Serf- A peasant who was bound to a manor and owes
    duties to the lord of the manor
  • Manor- A small estate from which a lords family
    gained its livelihood

5
Europe 800CE
6
Europe 1300 CE
7
High Middle Ages1000-1500 AD
  • Better Weather
  • End Nomadic Invasions
  • Agricultural Inventions
  • Increase in population, literacy, education
    cathedral building
  • Bubonic Plague

8
  • Cathedrals

9
Flying Buttress
  • Buttress was introduced when the weight of the
    ceiling would tend to buckle the walls outward
    and large piles of stone would be stacked along
    the wall in intervals to buttress (support) the
    walls from pushing outward- these piles of stone
    became included in the architecture- allowed to
    spread the weight to different points

10
Crusades
  • Crusades into the Middle East
  • Original purpose was to DEFEND Christianity-
    indirectly SPREAD Christianity
  • Organized by the church
  • Military religious disasters
  • However, financial success for merchants

11
Economic Impact of Crusades
  • Move from paying taxes in what you grow to the
    revival of trade
  • Barter system to exchange of currency
  • New developments- 1. Manufacturing system, 2.
    stock-market, 3. banks
  • Being close to Asian markets drives the above.

12
Social impact of Crusades
  • Goes from structured society to society with new
    class
  • From manorial system to trade
  • Kings become more powerful
  • Serfdom dwindles
  • Class mobility changes

13
Changes Continuities
  • Changes
  • Departure from urban societies (Rome) to personal
    loyalties of lord and vassal
  • Social Structure
  • Clergy (those who pray)
  • Nobles (those who fight)
  • Serfs (those who work)
  • Serfdom disappears (western Europe) in the late
    14th century with the appearance of the plague
  • Revival of cities
  • Continuities
  • Patriarchy stayed firmly in place
  • Slavery serfdom
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