WWI - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 32
About This Presentation
Title:

WWI

Description:

A Era of Change The students will examine the impact of U.S. involvement in World War I and identify the key developments in the aftermath of WWI. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:224
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 33
Provided by: Franc388
Category:
Tags: wwi | plan | schlieffen

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: WWI


1
WWI 1930s
  • A Era of Change
  • The students will examine the impact of U.S.
    involvement in World War I and identify the key
    developments in the aftermath of WWI.

2
WWI Causes
  • Militarism- The policy of glorifying military
    power and keeping an army prepared for war.
    Romantic
  • Arms race- European countries began to try and
    out build each other, whoever had the largest
    Army or Navy was seen as powerful, becomes an
    Ego Thing.
  • Schlieffen Plan- a strategy by Germany to fight a
    two front war against Russia and France. It calls
    for Germany to attack France through Belgium,
    seize Paris, then turn and attack Russia.

3
WWI Causes contd..
  • Alliance system- European nations feared and
    distrusted each other, so to keep from fighting
    they created alliances to defend each other.
  • Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary and
    Italy.
  • Triple Entente- France, Russia and Great Britain.
  • Problem?-

4
WWI Causes Contd.
  • Nationalism- A deep devotion and pride to ones
    country.
  • Imperialism- Economic rivalries between European
    nations led to conflicts over land and resources
    all over the world. This almost led to war before
    and with competition heating up, tensions were on
    the rise
  • Assassination-June 28th, 1914 Archduke Ferdinand
    and his wife are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip
    of the Black Hand a terrorist group.

5
WWI Inventions and Warfare
  • New Weapons of War- Machine Gun, Poison Gas,
    Tank, Airplane, Smokeless Gunpowder and
    Submarine.
  • 1. Impact- All of these new weapons contributed
    to a brutal and bloody war that shook the people
    of Europe as millions die and war is no longer
    romantic.

6
WWI Warfare
  • Trench Warfare- Both sides dug miles of trenches
    opposite each other. The area between them was
    called No Mans Land- for the entire war no
    side gained anything more than a few yards of
    territory but lost millions of men.
  • Total War- This is when an entire nation devotes
    itself to war, everything is directed to making
    weapons and clothes for soldiers.
  • Propaganda Campaign- Each side uses radio and
    newspapers to show the others as evil and
    convince their people and others that they are
    fighting for a good cause.

7
U.S. Reaction to WWI
  • American people- are shocked that Europe went to
    war
  • Woodrow Wilson- As president he held true to the
    tradition of foreign policy established by
    Washington.
  • 1. Initial position no alliances with
    European nations, remain neutral.
  • 2. Issues with Neutrality- Maintaining trade
    status and Ship seizures.
  • U.S. Positions during the War shift dramatically-
  • 1. Content Neutral Country
  • 2. Country Waging a War for Peace
  • 3. Victorious World Power
  • 4. Alienated, Isolationist Nation

8
US Dragged into WWI
  • Submarine warfare Germans began using
    submarines against passenger and unarmed ships
  • Lusitania British passenger ship carrying 128
    Americans
  • Sussex unarmed merchant ship, several
    Americans.
  • Sussex pledge (1916) Germans agreed not to sink
    merchant or passenger ships, lasted the rest of
    the year.
  • Germany did not want US to enter war as British
    ally

9
US Entry into WWI Economic
  • Country focused on the economic rebound caused by
    supplying European nations during wartime- 100
    of all trade centered on the Allied nations
  • No trade with Germany- British Blockade kept
    American ships from maintaining any trade
  • Loans to Allies- provided by American bankers,
    this provided financial prosperity for the U.S.
    while helping the Allies fund the war.

10
War Debate
  • British War Propaganda news sent from Britain
    that told only atrocities committed by German
    soldiers.
  • Lusitania crisis - certain Americans felt US
    should enter the war
  • National Defense Act (preparedness) Wilson
    asked congress to expand armed forces. This
    caused tremendous controversy as it was seen as a
    step toward war.
  • Opposition to preparedness- felt by many
    Americans (Progressives, Populist and Socialist-
    Jane Addams)
  • Election of 1916- Wilson campaign based on
    maintaining peace

11
Decision for War
  • (Jan 1917) Unrestricted submarine warfare-
    Germany resumes knowing it can bring the U.S.
    into the war but believed they could win the war
    if they cut off supplies to the Allies.
  • (Mar 1 1917) Zimmerman Telegram Germany tried
    to ally itself with Mexico, pledged to help them
    recover lost territories (Texas, New Mexico,
    Arizona)
  • (Mar 1917) Germans sank 5 US merchant ships
  • (Apr 1917) Declaration of war against Germany

12
Russia Gets Out
  • Russian Revolution 1917- Two revolutions break
    out this year as the people and soldiers in the
    army are starving and tired of fighting.
  • March Revolution- The 1st revolution was a
    democratic one against the Czar, but they make a
    fatal mistake and decided to remain in the war.
  • Bolshevik Revolution- Three months later a
    Communist revolution takes place led by Lenin,
    they withdraw Russia from the war.
  • 1. Communism- economic, political system,
    single- party government, ruled by dictator, no
    private property

13
Domestic Impact of War
  • Selective Service Act (draft) Random selection
    process so that all groups would be called into
    service
  • Espionage and Sedition Act 20 year prison
    sentence for inciting rebellion in the armed
    forces or obstructing the draft. Sedition
    centered on anyone making disloyal or abusive
    remarks about the U.S. government
  • Eugene Debs Socialist Party leader - jailed in
    Atlanta for violating the Espionage and Sedition
    Act.
  • Women at work 1st time ever
  • Daylight Savings Time- designed to save fuel
  • Migration of workers Mexicans and
    African-Americans took advantage of the open jobs
    in the north

14
End of WWI
  • Final Showdown- In 1918 Germany launched a huge
    offensive to try and break the stalemate but with
    American troops the allies stop the attack.
  • Armistice- Signed in November 11, 1918 Germany
    still hasnt lost the people are tired of
    fighting, they revolt and overthrow the
    government and sign for peace.
  • Treaty of Versailles- officially ends the war

15
Wilsons Fourteen Points
  • Recognition of freedom of the seas
  • End the practice of making secret treaties
  • Reduce national armaments
  • Impartial adjustment of colonial claims
  • Self-determination for the various nationalities
    within the Austro-Hungarian empire
  • General body made up of all nations to guarantee
    political independence and territorial integrity
    to all (The League of Nations)

16
Treaty of Versailles
  • Big Four- Italy, France and Great Britain cant
    wait to get Germany, U.S. wants to shape a long
    lasting peace.
  • Germany Destroyed-
  • 1. Colonies- stripped from Germany
  • 2. Disarmament- Lost its army and navy
  • 3. War Guilt and Reparations- Germany was
    forced to accept responsibility for the war and
    pay France and Great Britain a huge sum of
    money.
  • 4. This treatment will lead to a bitter and
    angry Germany and pave the way for the rise of
    Adolph Hitler.
  • League of Nations- An international peacekeeping
    organization, each member is suppose to be ready
    to protect the territorial integrity of each
    other. NO POWER/WASTE

17
Senate Decisions change the U.S.
  • Senators objected to The League of Nations
    (Treaty of Versailles)
  • Might interfere with US Sovereignty
  • May cause European nations to interfere with the
    Western Hemisphere
  • Treaty voted on and defeated twice
  • Never voted to join The League of Nations, made
    the league weak without the most powerful country.

18
Key Problems After WWI
  • Current National Pulse - Unhappy with peace
    process, growing fears, Communist takeover in
    Russia, and labor unrest at home
  • Red Scare In 1919 Anti-German feelings turned
    into hysteria about Communism
  • Fueled by threats of riots, that never took place
  • Ended quickly
  • Isolationism- pulling away from world affairs
    becomes popular
  • Nativism- prejudice against foreign-born people
    sweeps nation

19
Immigrant Restriction
  • The Quota System- sets maximum number can enter
    U.S. from each country.
  • 19191921, number of immigrants grows almost 600
  • sharply reduces European immigration
  • 1924, European arrivals cut to 2 of number of
    residents in 1890
  • Discriminates against southern, eastern Europeans
  • Prohibits Japanese immigration causes ill will
    between U.S., Japan
  • Does not apply to Western Hemisphere many
    Canadians, Mexicans enter

20
Additional Problems After WWI
  • Men return from the war, take back jobs from
    women and African- Americans
  • Business boom fell flat no need for high
    production after the war
  • Farmers suffered with falling prices, no longer
    shipping food to Europe
  • Inflation caused by short consumer buying sprees
  • 1921 Recession hit, 10 unemployment rate

21
The 1920s A New Era
  • President Harding- not spectacular, he is a
    return to pre-Roosevelt Republican politics
  • Harding Cabinet- he appoints a group of great men
    to help guide his presidency.
  • 1. Ohio Gang- friends of Harding who are
    appointed to positions, they are corrupt.
  • 2. Teapot Dome- the Ohio Gang was caught by
    Congress accepting bribes and kickbacks for oil
    leases near Teapot Dome, Wyoming.
  • 3. Death- Harding dies suddenly of a heart
    attack during the summer 0f 1923, never
    implemented in the scandals.

22
The 1920s - Business
  • The Business of America is Business
  • President Coolidge- President from 1923-1928.
  • 1. Coolidge favors little government
    interference with businesses, this encourages a
    flourishing economy
  • Consumer goods- fuel the business boom of the
    1920s as Americas standard of living soars.
  • Lengthy period of prosperity (1922 1928) ends
    in disaster

23
Causes of Business Prosperity
  • Increased productivity improved processes for
    mass production (Frederick Taylor and Scientific
    Management)
  • Energy technology increased use of oil and
    electricity more than 300 to power factories and
    homes
  • Government policy tax cuts offered to
    businesses, no enforcement of antitrust laws
  • Income of middle class and working class
    increased more money for goods

24
Impact of the Automobile
  • Henry Ford- The Father of Mass Production
  • 1. Assembly Line- Parts flow down a conveyer
    belt, each part a small section of a greater
    machine
  • 2. Division of Labor- Each person on an
    assembly line does one job repeatedly until a
    machine is put together.
  • 3. Mass Production- Assembly Line allows for
    high production of goods at a cheap cost.
  • 4. Model T- millions are made and sold in
    America cheaply by Ford

25
Impact of the Automobile
  • Key Replaced railroad industry as the key
    promoter of economic growth
  • Influenced the success of several industries -
    steel, glass, rubber, gasoline, highway
    construction, motels, gas stations and shopping
    centers.
  • Affected everything people did - shopping,
    leisure travel, commuting to work, dating, by
    1920 1 out of 5 Americans had a car
  • Created new problems - traffic jams, injuries,
    death, need for roads, urban sprawl

26
The 1920s A New Era
  • Changing Ways of Life
  • The Prohibition Experiment
  • 18th Amendment launches Prohibition era
  • supported by religious groups, rural South, West
  • Prohibition-production, sale, transportation of
    alcohol illegal
  • Government does not budget enough money to
    enforce the law
  • Speakeasies- hidden bars and nightclubs become
    fashionable
  • Bootleggers- smuggle alcohol from surrounding
    countries

27
Effect of Prohibition
  • Organized Crime
  • Prohibition contributes to organized crime in
    major cities
  • Al Capone controls Chicago liquor business by
    killing competitors- The St. Valentines Day
    Massacre
  • By mid-1920s, only 19 support Prohibition
  • 21st Amendment overturns the 18th in 1933

28
Creationism vs. Evolution
  • The Scopes Monkey Trial- In 1925, Tennessee
    passes law making it a crime to teach evolution
  • American Civil Liberties Union- backs John T.
    Scopes challenge of law
  • Clarence Darrow- most famous trial lawyer of
    day, defends Scopes
  • Prosecutor- William Jennings Bryan is special
    prosecutor
  • 1. Fundamentalist- believe in the literal
    interpretation of the Bible, reject the theory
    of evolution
  • Scopes trial- debates evolution, role of science,
    religion in school national sensation thousands
    attend
  • 1. Scopes found guilty, the law is overturned
    in 1968

29
The Twenties Woman
-Young Women Change the Rules
  • The Flapper
  • The Double Standard
  • Elders disapprove new behavior and its promotion
    by periodicals, ads
  • Casual dating begins to replace formal courtship
  • Women subject to double standard (less sexual
    freedom than men)
  • Flapperemancipated young woman, adopts new
    fashions, attitudes
  • Many young women want equal status with men,
    become assertive
  • Middle-class men, women begin to see marriage as
    equal partnership
  • - housework, child-rearing still womans job

30
Education and Popular Culture
  • Mass media shapes mass culture takes advantage
    of greater literacy
  • 1920s, mass-market magazines thrive Readers
    Digest, Time founded
  • Radio is most powerful communications medium of
    1920s
  • Networks provide shared national experience, can
    hear news as it happens
  • People have extra money, leisure time to enjoy it
  • Crowds attend sports events athletes glorified
    by mass media

31
Harlem Renaissance A Cultural Expression
  • Harlem, New York Largest African American
    community in the North, famous for artistic
    talent
  • Leading poets Countee Cullen, James Weldon
    Johnson wrote the Negro National Anthem, NAACP
    Civil Rights leader
  • Langston Hughes Notable author, poet, and play
    writers, Theme for English B
  • Zora Neale Hurston Extremely influential
    author, wrote about poor, Southern blacks
  • Jazz Age Jazz became popular during this era
    white teens like it as a rebellious act, African
    Americans enjoyed the music
  • Key Jazz Artists Duke Ellington, Louis
    Armstrong

32
Is the Prosperity Superficial?
  • Almost 40 of Americans lived in poverty range
  • Income gap between managers and workers grew
  • Iron, railroad industries not prosperous farms
    suffer losses
  • Buying goods on credit
  • Installment planpay for goods over extended
    period with interest
  • Some economists, business owners think
    installment buying excessive
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com