Tujuan

1
Distribution Strategies

• Tujuan
• Mengetahui strategi distribusi dalam mengelola
  rantai pasok

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OUTLINE

• 1. Distribution Strategies
• Direct Shipment
• Warehousing
• Cross-Docking
• 2. Central versus Local Facilities

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Distribution Strategies

• Direct Shipment
• Manufacturer or supplier delivers goods directly
  to retail stores
• The retailer avoids the expenses of operating a
  distribution center
• Lead times are reduced
• On the other hand
• Risk pooling effects are ignored
• The manufacturer and distributor transportation
  costs increase because it must send smaller
  trucks to more locations

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• Cross-docking

• Example JC Penny 200,000 items, 20,000
  suppliers. Each individual store is responsible
  for sales forecast and placing orders. Products
  are directly shipped to stores.
• Cross-docking

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Cross-docking

• Warehouse inventory coordination point
• From supplier to warehouse to vehicles serving to
  retailers
• Very little time in storage---less than 12 hours
• Distribution centers, retailers, and suppliers
  must be linked with advanced information systems
  to ensure that all pickups and deliveries are
  made within the required time windows
• A fast and responsive transportation system is
  necessary
• Forecasts are critical, and needs to be shared
• Effective only for large distribution systems
  (enough volume to allow deliveries (full truck
  loads) every day, enough demand to send shipment
  to retailers (full truck loads) every day.

6

• Example Wal-Mar---85 of deliveries through
  cross-docking (about 50 for K-Mart). A private
  satellite communication system (POS data from
  retailers to vendors), a fleet of 2000 trucks,
  replenishment twice a week (almost zero safety
  stocks at the retail levelbut lots of stock in
  transit)

7

• Warehousing
• Warehouses keep stock and supply retailers as
  demanded (traditional strategy)

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Comparison
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Central vs Local Facilities

• Apakah fasilitas produksi dan gudang terpisah
  atau sentralisasi
• Faktor yang dipertimbangkan
• Safety Stock
• Overhead
• Economies of scale
• Lead time
• Service
• Transportation costs

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TUGAS

• Terjemahkan dan temukan point pentingnya
• Direct shipment (Example 5 -12 JC Penny)
• Cross docking ( Example 5 -13 Wall Mart)