What is Islam and Who are the Muslims?

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What is Islam and Who are the Muslims?
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SEPTEMBER 16 WARM-UP

• What was the capital of Eastern Rome? Who was the
  emperor of Eastern Rome?

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Overview of Islam

• Today, Islam is the worlds fastest growing
  religion with more than 1 billion followers
  throughout the world

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What was Arabia like before Muhammad?
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Dont STOPBelieving..Hold on to that
Fe-e-e-e-lin
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Islam

• Islam is a monotheistic religion that began in
  city of Mecca located on the Arabian Peninsula
  near the Byzantine Empire
• Arabians were polytheistic came to visit Mecca
  to pray to the Kabba, a
  shrine containing idols of
  360 different gods
  (including Allah)

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Islam

• Mohammad was born in Mecca was interested in
  monotheism of Jews Christians who traded in
  Mecca
• At age 40, Mohammad had a vision that told him he
  was a messenger of Allah (Arabic word for god
  the same god as Christians Jews)
• Muhammad called his religion Islam (surrender to
  God) destroyed the other idols in the Kabba

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• Quick facts
• Followers of Islam are called Muslims who
  believe in one God, called Allah
• Allah is the same God worshiped by Jews
  Christians
• Muslims believe Muhammad was the last of Gods
  prophets

The teachings of Mohammed were written down in
the Qur'an (Koran), the holy book of Islam
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Islam

• Mohammad identified rules all Muslims should live
  by, called the Five Pillars of Islam
• Faithbelieve in 1 god, Allah
• Prayerfive times every day
• Almsgive money to the needy
• Fastingeat no food from sunrise to sunset for 1
  month (Ramadan)
• Pilgrimageone in life, go to Mecca

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Muezzin
Pilgrims in Mecca
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Islam

• Islam
• became
• a very
• popular
• religion in
• Mecca and
• Medina.

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Expansion of Islam

• Muslims began to expand idea of jihad taught
  that Muslims would go straight to heaven if died
  fighting for Allah so they fought very hard to
  expand.
• Holy wars were considered okay in God's eyes.

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• Islam expanded into a huge empire including
  Spain, Northern Africa, Persia, and Arabia.

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Expansion of Islam

• Expanded Arabic language and cultural
  innovations.
• Islamic rulers proved mostly tolerant, they
  offered new subjects three choices
• convert to Islam
• pay a tax or
• die

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What happened to Islam after Muhammads death?
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Islam

• Islam split into 2 sects after Muhammad died,
  caliphs (followers of Muhammad) lead Islamic
  faith, but confusion over the correct
  leadership (caliph)
• Sunnicaliphs should be chosen by vote (95
  Muslims are Sunni today)
• Shiitecaliphs should come directly from
  Muhammads family tree (more radical 3 of all
  Muslims today)

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The Islamic Empire

• After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an
  empire
• The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that
  conquered nearby regions
• The massive empire led to great wealth for
  Muslims new opportunities to spread Islam

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Percentage Today of Sunni Shia Muslims
Worldwide
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BYZANTINES
MUSLIMS
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Ottoman Turks

• Turks are nomads from Asia contact with Muslim
  Empire led to conversion of Turks to Islam
• Ottoman TurksMost powerful group of Turks began
  to grow strong as Byzantine Empire and Islamic
  Empire began to weaken
• Defeated both Islamic Empire Byzantine Empire
  created Ottoman Empire

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Seige of Constantinople (1453 A.D.)
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The Ottoman Empire