A Point Can Be Defined By

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Project V Using Studies on the Internet
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• Numerous internet pages have psychology
  experiments that you can use!
• http//jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/crow/ac
  tivities.htm
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/index_
  surveys.shtml

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How good are you a judging the meaning of a
behavior?

• 1) complete an online questionnaire
• http//www.queendom.com/
• Click Communication Tests
• Under relationship tests

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• 2) complete smile experiment
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/survey
  s/smiles/index.shtml

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How good are you at judging the meaning of a
behavior?

• 1) complete questionnaire
• 2) complete smile experiment
• 3) enter and analyze data

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Just for fun

• http//viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/15.html

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Naturalistic Observations

• Pros
• Get to observe person in the natural world
• Very real
• Cons
• No control

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Interpersonal Theory

• Learys complementarity
• Interpersonal behaviors tend to initiate or
  invite reciprocal interpersonal behaviors from
  the other person in the interaction
• Act the same on warmth
• Warmth encourages warmth
• Coldness encourages coldness
• Act the opposite on dominance
• Dominance encourages submission
• Submission encourages dominance

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Moving Outside the Lab

• Does complementarity continue to occur in a more
  naturalistic environment?

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Moving Outside the Lab

• Limitations of lab research
• Unrealistic situations

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Moving Outside the Lab

• Limitations of lab research
• Very little noise

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Moving Outside the Lab

• Limitations of lab research
• Behavior across a limited number of interactions
• Interpersonal style might be more important than
  the behavioral patterns expressed in a few
  interactions

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Moving Outside the Lab

• A more naturalistic setting would be desirable
• However, still need. . . .
• 1) Dyads that are randomly created
• 2) A way to measure each persons interpersonal
  style

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Random Dyads

• The dorms at Villanova
• Freshman year students are randomly paired
  together

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Measuring Interpersonal Styles in a Natural
Environment

• Persons A interpersonal style when interacting
  with person B
• Persons B interpersonal style when interacting
  with person A

Person A describes the interpersonal style of
person B
Person B describes the interpersonal style of
person A
A B
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Do the interpersonal styles of roommates
complement each other at the beginning of their
relationship?
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Do the interpersonal styles of roommates
complement each other after living together for
15 weeks?
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Method

• Participants
• 204 females (102 roommates)
• All roommates were randomly paired together by
  Villanova University

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Procedure

• During the second week of living together and
  again after living together for 15 weeks
• Participants described their roommates
  interpersonal style by completing the
  Interpersonal Adjective Scale (IAS-R)

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• An animal resting or passing by leaves crushed
  grass, footprints, and perhaps droppings, but a
  human occupying a room for one night prints his
  character, his biography, his recent history, and
  sometimes his future plans and hopes. I further
  believe that personality seeps into walls and is
  slowly released. . . . As I sat in this unmade
  room, Lonesome Harry began to take shape and
  dimension. I could feel that recently departed
  guest in the bits and pieces of himself he had
  left behind. --John Steinbeck, Travels With
  Charlie

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Question

• Can the appearance of someones room tell us
  anything about their personality?

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Method

• 83 Bedrooms were examined
• Occupants of the bedrooms completed a measure of
  the Big Five
• 7 Judges rated the bedrooms

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What does your room look like?

• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor
• 2)____ Noisy (vs. quiet)
• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)
• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)
• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)
• 6)____ Good (vs. poor)condition
• 7)____ Decorated (vs. undecorated)
• 8)____ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)
• 9)____ Colorful (vs. drab)
• 10)____ Clean (vs.dirty)
• 11)____ Organized (vs.disorganized)
• 12)____ Neat (vs. messy)
• 13)____ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)
• 14)____ Full (vs.empty)
• 15)____ Roomy (vs.cramped)
• 16)____ Expensive (vs. cheap)
• 17)____ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)
• 18)____ Inviting (vs. repelling)
• 19)____ Large (vs. small)

• 22)____ Modern (vs. old fashioned)
• 23)____ New (vs. old)
• 24)____ Multiple (vs. single)purpose
• 25)____ Public (vs. private)
• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)
• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)
• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area
• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space
• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents
• 31)____ Many (vs. few)books
• 32)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)books
• 33)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)books
• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines
• 35)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines
• 36)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines
• 37)____ Many (vs. few) CDs
• 38)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs
• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs
• 40)____ Many (vs. few) items of stationery

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Extraversion

• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor
• 2)____ Noisy (vs. quiet)
• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)
• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)
• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)
• 6)____ Good (vs. poor)condition
• 7)___ Decorated (vs. undecorated)
• 8)____ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)
• 9)____ Colorful (vs. drab)
• 10)____ Clean (vs.dirty)
• 11)____ Organized (vs.disorganized)
• 12)____ Neat (vs. messy)
• 13)___ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)
• 14)____ Full (vs.empty)
• 15)____ Roomy (vs.cramped)
• 16)____ Expensive (vs. cheap)
• 17)____ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)
• 18)____ Inviting (vs. repelling)
• 19)____ Large (vs. small)

• 22)____ Modern (vs. old fashioned)
• 23)____ New (vs. old)
• 24)____ Multiple (vs. single)purpose
• 25)____ Public (vs. private)
• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)
• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)
• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area
• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space
• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents
• 31)____ Many (vs. few)books
• 32)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)books
• 33)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)books
• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines
• 35)___ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines
• 36)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines
• 37)____ Many (vs. few) CDs
• 38)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs
• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs
• 40)____ Many (vs. few) items of stationery

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Conscientiousness

• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor
• 2)____ Noisy (vs. quiet)
• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)
• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)
• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)
• 6)___ Good (vs. poor)condition
• 7)____ Decorated (vs. undecorated)
• 8)___ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)
• 9)___ Colorful (vs. drab)
• 10)___ Clean (vs.dirty)
• 11)___ Organized (vs.disorganized)
• 12)___ Neat (vs. messy)
• 13)__-_ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)
• 14)__-_ Full (vs.empty)
• 15)___ Roomy (vs.cramped)
• 16)___ Expensive (vs. cheap)
• 17)___ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)
• 18)___ Inviting (vs. repelling)
• 19)____ Large (vs. small)

• 22)___ Modern (vs. old fashioned)
• 23)___ New (vs. old)
• 24)____ Multiple (vs. single)purpose
• 25)____ Public (vs. private)
• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)
• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)
• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area
• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space
• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents
• 31)____ Many (vs. few)books
• 32)___ Organized (vs. disorganized)books
• 33)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)books
• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines
• 35)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines
• 36)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines
• 37)____ Many (vs. few) CDs
• 38)___ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs
• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs
• 40)__-_ Many (vs. few) items of stationery

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Openness

• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor
• 2)____ Noisy (vs. quiet)
• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)
• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)
• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)
• 6)____ Good (vs. poor)condition
• 7)___ Decorated (vs. undecorated)
• 8)____ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)
• 9)____ Colorful (vs. drab)
• 10)____ Clean (vs.dirty)
• 11)____ Organized (vs.disorganized)
• 12)____ Neat (vs. messy)
• 13)___ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)
• 14)___ Full (vs.empty)
• 15)____ Roomy (vs.cramped)
• 16)____ Expensive (vs. cheap)
• 17)____ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)
• 18)____ Inviting (vs. repelling)
• 19)____ Large (vs. small)

• 22)____ Modern (vs. old fashioned)
• 23)____ New (vs. old)
• 24)___ Multiple (vs. single)purpose
• 25)____ Public (vs. private)
• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)
• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)
• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area
• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space
• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents
• 31)___ Many (vs. few)books
• 32)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)books
• 33)___ Varied (vs. homogenous)books
• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines
• 35)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines
• 36)___ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines
• 37)___ Many (vs. few) CDs
• 38)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs
• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs
• 40)____ Many (vs. few) items of stationery

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Naturalistic Observation

• Can be very easy!

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Starbucks!
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• Are men or women more likely to order specialty
  drinks?
• Are men or women more likely to stay after
  ordering their coffee?
• Are faculty or students more likely to order
  specialty drinks?
• Are faculty or students more likely to stay after
  ordering their coffee?

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Method

• Make groups
• Each group will go to Starbucks for 15 minutes.
• Must NOT interact with the subjects
• Only observe
• Sit at a side table and pretend you are doing
  something other than making observations

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Gender Faculty or Student Specialty Drink or Regular Stay or to go











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Codes

• Gender
• Male 0
• Female 1
• Faculty vs. Student
• Faculty 0
• Student 1
• Specially Drink vs. Regular Coffee
• Specialty 0
• Regular 1
• Stay vs. Go
• Stay 0
• Go 1

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Starbucks!
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Current study

• 1) Limit your observations
• I wonder how coffee drinking habits are related
  to gender/occupation, etc.
• 2) Figure out how to code your observations
• I think I will watch people ordering coffee at
  starbucks
• 3) Collect your data
• Just do it!
• 4) Create a coding system
• Use a simple coding system
• 5) Analyze your data
• What did the data tell us?

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Enter and Analyze Data in Excel
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Zimbardo
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Review

• Naturalistic / Observational Research
• Demonstrated how to conduct observational
  research in order to examine various issues.
• Statistics related to Observational research
• Interpreting and computing correlations
• On the Internet
• Personality perception in Internet chat rooms
• Linking Internet homepages to persoanlity
• Examining the foot-in-the-door effect using
  email
• Examining the bystander effect in chat rooms
• Used Internet personal ads to examine
  characteristics of smokers
• Used the Internet as a tool

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Review

• In the Lab
• Interpersonal behaviors in the lab
• Examined which behaviors are related to openness
  and other traitsExamine if acting behavior was
  linked to self-monitoring
• In the Natural Environment
• Roommate behavior
• Using a persons room to examine personality
• Went to Starbucks to examine characteristics of
  coffee drinkers
• Easy and cheap!
• All the tools you need to collect and analyze the
  data you already have.
• Flexible
• Can use these same methods to examine other
  issues!