Chemistry

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Chemistry

• Of Life
• Of Cells
• Of Ch. 2

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Prefix and Suffix List

• Di Two
• Glyc Sweet
• Mono One
• Lip Fat

• Lyt dissolvable
• Poly Many
• Sacchar sugar
• Syn together

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Chemistry Review - Elements

• Pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
• 90 occur naturally
• 25 essential to life O, C, H, N
• 0 65, C18.5, H9.5, N3.2
• Atom smallest unit of matter that cannot be
  broken down by chemical means.

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Chemistry Review Atoms

• Three major parts. (Pg24)
• Protons Positive Charge. Inside Nucleus
• Neutrons Neutral Charge. Inside Nucleus
• Electrons Negative Charge. Outside Nucleus
• 2 electrons in first shell
• 8 electrons in the second shell
• Eight is Great! Will not React with other atoms.
• If the outer shell is not full it will react.

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Models of atom showing location of protons,
neutrons, and electrons
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Atomic structure of several elements
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Combining Chemicals
Periodic Table Bonding

• Compound When two or more different elements
  combine.
• Hydrogen Bond H2O
• When hydrogen bonds with a highly electronegative
  atom (O or N). Creates a polar molecule.
• Covalent bond CO2
• When atoms on the same side of the chart (same
  size) bond. Share electrons.
• Can be polar or nonpolar
• Both Hydrogen and Covalent bonds form molecules,
  ionic bonds do not.

Ionic/ Covalent Bonds
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Example of a chemical reaction
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Combining Chemicals continued

• Ionic Bonds When atoms on different sides of
  the chart (different size) bond. Steal
  electrons. Create Ions
• Ion Charged particle either negative or
  positive.
• NaCl table salt

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Ionic Bonding
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Covalent bond formation
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Checkpoint

• What are the meanings of atomic number, mass
  number, ion and molecule?
• What is the significance of the valence (outer)
  shell of an atom?
• Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen
  bonding.

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Solution

• A mixture in which one or more substances are
  evenly distributed in another substance.
• Solute smaller word, smaller thing
• Solvent bigger word, bigger thing

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The Importance of Water

• Polar molecule (it has a negative and positive
  charge.)
• Can dissolve both Ionic and Polar-Covalent
  molecules
• Surface Tension
• Cohesion Sticks to itself.
• Adhesion Like a band-aid. Sticks to stuff
• Capillary Action Climbs up thin tubes

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Organic CompoundsAll organic compounds contain
Carbon.

• Nucleic Acids pg. 39 DNA and RNA
• Made of nucleotides Sugar, Phosphate, and a
  Nitrogen Base. AT, CG, U
• ATP energy cells run on.

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DNA Molecule
DNA Go to Problem
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ATP Molecule
ATP Explained