The Respiratory System - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Respiratory System

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The Respiratory System Just Breathe! Interesting Facts The right lung is slightly larger than the left. We lose half a litre of water per day breathing. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Respiratory System


1
The Respiratory System
  • Just Breathe!

2
Interesting Facts
  • The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
  • We lose half a litre of water per day breathing.
  • At rest, the average adult takes in and breathes
    out 6 litres of air each minute.

3
Breathing Experiments
  • Page 287 - Hold your breath
  • Page 287 - Breaths per minute
  • The average adult takes 12 breaths/min
  • In an average lifetime (74 years), does a person
    take more breaths or heartbeats?
  • Heartbeats! 3 billion to 600 million breaths!
  • Hold nose and breathe
  • Bend forward and breathe
  • Hold your ribs!

4
The Respiratory System
  • Respiration
  • all processes involved in the exchange of oxygen
    and carbon dioxide between cells the environment

5
The Respiratory System
  • For Animal, Respiration Has 2 Purposes
  • To get oxygen (O2) to its cells
  • To get rid of excess carbon dioxide (CO2)

6
Types of Respiration (P.289)
  • External Respiration In our Lungs!
  • gas exchange between blood and the surrounding
    air (Diffusion)

7
Types of Respiration
  • Internal Respiration In our cells!
  • gas exchange between blood and cells (by
    diffusion also)
  • Provides O2 for Cellular Respiration

8
Circulation of Oxygen
  • Red Blood cells are O2 Taxis
  • They contain Hemoglobin!
  • When blood has a low O2 (deoxygenated) the
    hemoglobin is dark red/purple!
  • When blood has high O2 (oxygenated) the
    hemoglobin is bright red!

9
The LUNGS
  • Massive amount of surface areaincreased gas
    exchange efficiency!
  • Ave. surface area 70m2
  • Spread out flat, the lungs would provide enough
    space for seven cars!
  • The word lung comes from the Greek word meaning
    light. Lungs are the only human organs light
    enough to float!
  • The average male will breathe out enough air over
    his lifetime to fill 250 two-person hot air
    balloons!
  • Thats a lot of hot air Ba dum bump!

10
Structures
Youve got 200
Label Them! GO!!!
11
Structures
145
12
Structures
130
13
Structures
115
14
Structures
100
15
Structures
045
16
Structures
030
17
Structures
015
18
Structures
Times Up!!! 000
  1. Nose
  2. Mouth
  3. Larynx
  4. Lung
  5. Rt. Bronchus
  6. Diaphragm
  7. Pharynx
  8. Trachea
  9. Lt. Bronchus
  10. Bronchiole
  11. Alveoli

19
External Respiration Fxns!
  • Nasal Passage Air is warmed, humidified and
    filtered cleaned by cilia and mucous lining.
  • Oral Cavity Passage of air
  • Pharynx Common pathway for air and food.
  • Larynx Adams apple. Produces sound (vocal
    cords)
  • Trachea Epiglottis opens allowing air to move
    down the cilia and mucous-lined trachea to one of
    two bronchi, heading to the lungs.

20
External Respiration Fxns!
  • Bronchi Main branches of the trachea
  • Divide to form bronchioles, and air eventually
    reaches tiny air sacs called alveoli.
  • Gas exchange occurs at the alveoli O2 moving
    into the blood, and CO2 moving out.
  • Oxygen is distributed to the cells of the body
    via the blood (pumped by the heart!)
  • Ribs protect the lungs and heart, aid in
    breathing.
  • Lungs major organ of respiration (duh!)

21
Gas Exchange _at_ the Alveoli
  • Each alveolus is only one cell thick and is very
    moist. This facilitates diffusion!
  • 240 alveolar membranes stacked together would
    only be as thick as a sheet of paper!
  • Each lung contains 150 million alveoli!

22
Alveoli Air Sacs!
23
External Respiration
  • 2 Phases
  • Inspiration
  • diaphragm contracts and moves downward
    (flattens), volume increases, creating low
    pressure and drawing air in
  • Expiration
  • diaphragm relaxes, volume decreases, creating
    high pressure, forcing air out

24
The Diaphragm!
Complete Diaphragm Worksheet!!
25
Breathing Physiology
  • Quickly complete worksheet (use P. 297)
  • Tidal Volume Demo
  • Vital Capacity Quick Experiment!
  • Vital Capacity can be
  • - Increased by training (i.e. swimmers 6L)
  • - Decreased by smoking!

26
Feedback Regulation
  • The Medulla Oblongata is the control centre in
    the brain!
  • CO2 levels in the blood increase, making the
    blood acidic.
  • Chemoreceptors in the aorta and other large
    arteries sense this change and relay a message to
    the brain.
  • Brain sends a message to the diaphragm and
    intercostal muscles of ribs to increase breathing
    rate.
  • Homeostasis is restored!

27
Diseases Health Problems
  • Obstructive Diseases (e.g., Emphysema,
    Bronchitis, Asthma)
  • Restrictive Diseases (e.g., Cystic Fibrosis,
    Alveolar Damage)
  • Vascular Diseases (e.g., Pulmonary Edema)
  • Infectious Diseases (e.g., Pneumonia, Influenza,
    Tuberculosis)
  • Environmental Irritants (e.g., Asbestos,
    Particulate Pollutants, SMOKING!)
  • F.Y.I. Coughing is of major importance, as
    it is the bodies main method to remove dust,
    mucus, saliva, and other debris from the lungs.
    Inability to cough can lead to infection.

28
Treatment Options
  • Asthma Caused by contracting muscles that
    surround bronchi. Air movt is restricted.
  • Puffers contain bronchodilators that relax the
    muscles.

29
Treatment Options
  • Bronchitis Emphysema- Mucous layers are broken
    down, dirt/particles collect in lungs and damage
    alveoli.
  • Caused by smoking and other environmental
    irritants (Darts contain 4000 chemicals!).
  • Must use a portable O2 delivery system to
    compensate for less gas exchange surface.

30
Any one for a smoke?
31
Altitude Sickness
  • High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (fluid in the
    lungs) - persistent dry cough, fever and
    shortness of breath even when resting
  • HAPE can lead to
  • High Altitude Cerebral Edema (swelling of the
    brain) - headache that does not respond to
    analgesics, unsteady walking, increasing vomiting
    and gradual loss of consciousness

Mount Everest 8 848 m (29 028 ft)
32
Mount Everest
  • May 12, 2006 Ed Viesturs became the first
    American to summit all 14 8000m peaks without the
    use of supplemental oxygen!!
  • "I am nothing more than a single narrow gasping
    lung, floating over the mists and summits."
    Reinhold Messner
  • Above 8000m is called the Death Zone
  • As of 2004, 2,238 people had reached the summit
    (1,148 of them since 1998) and 186 people have
    died trying!

33
HAPE- Treatment
  • Acclimatize Climb high, Sleep Low
  • Get to lower altitudes quickly!
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