BSCI 425 Epidemiology and Public Health

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The Islamic University of Gaza- Civil Engineering
Department Technical English (ENGG 1305)
Unit 2. Materials Technology
By Husam Al-Najar
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Outline of the unit

• Describing specific materials
• Categorising materials
• Specifying and describing properties
• Discussing quality issues

1. Describing specific materials
Exercise 1. Discuss the benefits and problems of
recycling
Scrapping cars A lot of metal, notably steel, can
be recycled. Intact parts can be recovered and
resold. Oil, brake fluid and battery acid are
potential pollutants which need to be disposed of
carefully. Tyres are more difficult to
recycle. Recycling electronics Heavy metals such
as lead, cadmium and chromium are potential
pollutants and can also be recovered for
recycling. The process of recycling electronic
products is quite difficult due to the difficulty
of breaking up and separating very small
components. Breaking up ships Large amounts of
steel can be recovered and recycled. Main
pollutants are fuel oil from tanks and asbestos
which was widely used as an insulation material
inside ships. Demolishing buildings Structural
steel can be recycled, concrete can be crushed
and reused, for example in asphalt for road
surfacing, copper in electrical wires can be
recovered and recycled, good-quality bricks can
sometimes be cleaned and reused. As with ships,
asbestos is often found, requiring special
precautions for its removal. The main difficulty
is the time taken to demolish buildings
meticulously.
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Exercise 2.a. Use the following words to complete
the sentences
Glass
Copper
Aluminium
Timber
Rubber
Plastic
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vocabulary
magnetism force of attraction galvanised
coated with zinc (Zn) to prevent
rusting recyclable can be recycled chromium
(Cr) and nickel (Ni) metals added to steel to
make stainless steel traces small
quantities scarcity limited availability/rarity
insulation both electrical insulation and
thermal insulation wire single strand of
metal scrap waste material intended for
recycling alloy a mixture of metals sometimes
containing a non-metal, for example carbon (C) in
steel brass an alloy of copper (Cu), zinc and,
often, lead (Pb) bronze an alloy of copper and
tin (Sn) melting down using heat to change the
state of a substance from solid to
liquid energy-intensive using a lot of
energy electrolysis passing an electrical
current through a liquid or solid in order to
separate chemical compounds ore mineral from
which metal is extracted hardwood timber from
deciduous trees softwood timber from pine
trees ironmongery collective term for small
metal items commonly used in buildings, for
example door handles, hinges, screws, nails
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with
from
from
with
of
of
from
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2. Categorising materials
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• Exercise 5b. Answer the following questions.
• Why do most braking systems waste energy? Because
  they use friction, which wastes energy as heat
• What are regenerative braking systems, and how
  do they save energy? They recover heat and use it
  to power the car.
• What characteristics are required of materials
  used for the brakes on racing cars? The ability
  to generate high levels of friction, and to
  resist the effects of friction and consequent
  heat.
• What is meant by heat soak, and why is it a
  problem in racing cars? Heat from the engine
  being absorbed by the chassis, which can damage
  sensitive parts such as electronic components and
  plastic parts

Exercise 5 c. Match the materials from the text
(1-7) to description (a-g)
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vocabulary automotive related to vehicle design
and manufacturing kinetic energy energy in the
form of movement, for example a spinning
wheel deceleration reducing speed acceleration
increasing speed asbestos a fibrous material
derived from rock that was used as an insulating
material it is no longer used as it damages the
lungs if the fibres are inhaled composite
combined materials, consists of a bulk material
called a matrix, reinforced with fibres or bars,
for example glass-reinforced plastic plastic
matrix with glass fibres non-hazardous not
dangerous exhaust system for evacuating smoke
or gases, for example from an engine
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3. Specifying and describing properties
Vocabulary elasticity, toughness, abrasion
resistance, thermal stability, lightweight,
durable ideally, obviously, the key requirement,
the last thing you want is , a good degree of
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abrasion resistance
thermal stability
durable
lightweight
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4. Discussing quality issues
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14.b. True or False
(T)
(T)
(F) It needs a protection coating
(F) He says its fairly poor in terms of looks
(F)
(F)
(T)
(F)