MOST OF HISTORY: THE FIRST HUMANS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MOST OF HISTORY: THE FIRST HUMANS

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Title: MOST OF HISTORY: THE FIRST HUMANS


1
Growth and Development of World Religions
2
Growth and Development of World Religions
  • Explain how world religions or belief systems
    grew and their significance.
  • Hinduism
  • Judaism
  • Buddhism
  • Christianity
  • Islam

3
Five of the worlds major faiths and ethical
systems emerged establishing institutions,
systems of thought, and cultural styles that
would influence neighboring peoples and endure
for centuries.
4
Hinduism
  • Religion based on the belief that humans and
    animals reincarnate
  • Reincarnation Come back to the Earth many times
    in different forms.

5
Hindu Origins
  • Hinduism underwent a change that transformed it
    into a popular religion of salvation
  • Hinduism was initially very complex
  • Changes eventually resulted in a faith that
    addressed the needs of ordinary people

6
Hindu Epics The Mahabharata and the Ramayana
  • The great epic poems the Mahabharata and the
    Ramayana show how Hindusim developed its values
  • Both poems began as nonreligious stories told
    about the great epic age of classical Indian
    history (1500-500 BC)
  • The brahmins revised both and created a major
    roles for Hindu Gods

Ramayana
7
  • These groupings of writings is called the Vedas
  • Religious writings
  • songs of praise
  • Laws and rules

8
Hindu Beliefs
  • The soul does not die with the body, but is
    reincarnated at death.
  • The caste system demands certain
    responsibilities the duty of shudras was to
    serve, of vaishyas to work, of brahmins to learn
    the scriptures, and of kshatriyas to govern and
    fight
  • Individuals have social responsibilities
    failure to fulfill caste duties is in fact a sin,
    but if you follow these standards you are brought
    spiritual rewards

9
  • Caste System Divides people into classes based
    on wealth
  • What you do in one life will affect what caste
    you are born into in another life.

10
Hindu Ethics
  • As represented in the Bhagavad Gita, only by
    active participation in the world and the meeting
    of caste responsibilities was it possible to
    attain salvation
  • humans should not become emotionally involved in
    their actions, but should concentrate on the
    actions alone, with no thought of their
    consequences
  • This led to the emergence of four specific aims
    of human life

11
Four Principal Aims of Life
  • Obedience to religious and moral laws (dharma)
  • The pursuit of economic well-being and honest
    prosperity (artha)
  • The enjoyment of lifes pleasures (karma)
  • The salvation of the soul (moksha/nirvana)
  • A proper balance of the first three aims would
    help individuals attain moksha/nirvana

12
  • Hindu Gods
  • Polytheistic Believe in more than one God
  • What you do in this life affects the who you are
    in the next life, so live your life as the gods
    would want.

13
Hindu Male Gods
  • Principal Hindu gods are Vishnu, Shiva and Devi
  • Vishnu evolved into a father-god who works
    continuously for the welfare of humanity
  • Shiva a powerful god who represents the cosmic
    force of change, and the reconciliation of the
    extremes and opposites of violence and other
    forces

Shiva
Vishnu
perso.wanadoo.fr/revue
www.asiasociety.org/arts
14
Hindu Female Gods
  • The wives of Vishnu (Lakshimi) and Shiva
    (Parvati) are powerful goddesses, stemming from a
    worship of female gods as early as the Indus
    culture
  • Devi a supreme Goddess, both tender mother and
    ferocious warrior wears a necklace of skulls and
    rides into battle on a lion
  • She represents the creative power of the universe

Lakshimi and Vishnu
Dancing Devi
www.jorgebastosgarcia
www.joelcooner.com/Asian
15
Growth in the Popularity of Hinduism
  • Hinduism gradually replaced Buddhism as the most
    prominent religion in India.
  • Hinduism attracted popular support from the
    wealthy
  • Guptan emperors and their supported Hinduism
  • In India today Hinduism (and even the more recent
    faith of Islam) have completely eclipsed Buddhism

16
Hinduism Today
  • Most Indian Hindus today are devout followers of
    either Vishnu or Shiva, although there are
    thousands of Hindu gods, and animals like the cow
    are also considered as sacred
  • Hinduism possesses no Bible or Koran nor does it
    have a single personal founder like Mahavira or
    Buddha
  • There is no precise body of doctrine people are
    Hindu basically if they observe the rules of
    their caste

17
  • Most Hindis live in India and Southeast Asia
    today
  • Ganges River Sacred place
  • Scatter human and animal ashes

18
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