Title: Warm Up
1Warm Up
Base your answer to this question on the diagram
below, which represents stages in the digestion
of a starch, and on your knowledge of
biology. The products would most likely
contain A. simple sugars. C. amino acids. B.
fats. D. minerals.
2Enzymes Helper Protein molecules
3Chemical Reactions
- A. When bonds are broken and reformed to make
different substances. - EX
- Reactants Products
- C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O
4Chemical reactions of life
- Processes of life
- A. building molecules synthesis
- B. breaking down molecules digestion
5What is needed to start a reaction?
6Nothing works without enzymes!
- How important are enzymes?
- A. all chemical reactions in living organisms
require enzymes to work - building molecules synthesis enzymes
- breaking down molecules digestive enzymes
We cant live without enzymes!
7- B. enzymes speed up reactions catalysts
8C. Digestion Reaction
- Is the breakdown of a complex molecule into
simpler substances - These reactions RELEASE energy
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
9D. Synthesis Reaction
- The combining of simple molecules into a more
complex ones - This reaction builds new molecules and/or STORES
energy
Products
Reactants
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
10Examples
11Enzymes are proteins each enzyme is the
specific helper to a specific reaction.
- A. Each enzyme needs to be the right shape for
the job - B. Enzymes are named for the reaction they help
- i. sucrase breaks down sucrose
- ii. proteases breakdown proteins
- iii. lipases breakdown lipids
- iv. DNA polymerase builds DNA
Oh, I get it! They end in -ase
12Enzymes arent used up
- Enzymes are NOT changed by the reaction
- A. used only temporarily
- B. re-used again for the same reaction with other
molecules - C. very little enzyme needed to help in many
reactions
substrate
product
enzyme
13Its shape that matters!
- Lock Key Theory
- A. shape of protein allows enzyme substrate to
fit - B. specific enzyme for each specific reaction
14What Affects Enzyme Activity
15Temperature Effect on Rates of Enzyme Activity
- A. Optimum (best) temperature
- i. greatest number of collisions between enzyme
substrate - ii. human enzymes 35- 40C (body temp 37C)
- B. Raise temperature (boiling)
- i. denature protein unfold lose shape
- C. Lower temperature
- i. molecules move slower
- ii. fewer collisions between enzyme substrate
16Temperature
humanenzymes
Whats happening here?!
Reaction Rate
Temperature ( C)
17pH Effect on Rates of Enzyme Activity
- A. changes in pH changes protein shape
- B. most human enzymes work best at pH 6-8
- i. depends on where in body
- ii. pepsin (stomach) pH 3
- iii. trypsin (small intestines) pH 8
18pH
stomachpepsin
intestinestrypsin
Whats happening here?!
reaction rate
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pH
19Denature
- A. When enzymes are exposed to extreme pH or high
temperatures, they can denature - B. When denatured, an enzyme will no longer
function, due to a change in enzyme structure - C. This is why running high fevers for extended
time is cause for concern
20Enzyme vocabulary review
- Enzyme
- Protein speeds up chemical reactions by lowering
activation energy - Substrate
- molecule that enzymes work on
- Products
- what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction
- Active site
- part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into