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Warm Up

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Title: Enzymes: Helper Protein molecules Author: Jennifer Perdue Last modified by: jennifer perdue Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Warm Up


1
Warm Up
Base your answer to this question on the diagram
below, which represents stages in the digestion
of a starch, and on your knowledge of
biology. The products would most likely
contain A. simple sugars. C. amino acids. B.
fats. D. minerals.
2
Enzymes Helper Protein molecules
3
Chemical Reactions
  • A. When bonds are broken and reformed to make
    different substances.
  • EX
  • Reactants Products
  • C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O

4
Chemical reactions of life
  • Processes of life
  • A. building molecules synthesis
  • B. breaking down molecules digestion

5
What is needed to start a reaction?
6
Nothing works without enzymes!
  • How important are enzymes?
  • A. all chemical reactions in living organisms
    require enzymes to work
  • building molecules synthesis enzymes
  • breaking down molecules digestive enzymes

We cant live without enzymes!
7
  • B. enzymes speed up reactions catalysts

8
C. Digestion Reaction
  • Is the breakdown of a complex molecule into
    simpler substances
  • These reactions RELEASE energy

Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
9
D. Synthesis Reaction
  • The combining of simple molecules into a more
    complex ones
  • This reaction builds new molecules and/or STORES
    energy

Products
Reactants
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
10
Examples
  • Synthesis


  • Digestion


11
Enzymes are proteins each enzyme is the
specific helper to a specific reaction.
  • A. Each enzyme needs to be the right shape for
    the job
  • B. Enzymes are named for the reaction they help
  • i. sucrase breaks down sucrose
  • ii. proteases breakdown proteins
  • iii. lipases breakdown lipids
  • iv. DNA polymerase builds DNA

Oh, I get it! They end in -ase
12
Enzymes arent used up
  • Enzymes are NOT changed by the reaction
  • A. used only temporarily
  • B. re-used again for the same reaction with other
    molecules
  • C. very little enzyme needed to help in many
    reactions

substrate
product
enzyme
13
Its shape that matters!
  • Lock Key Theory
  • A. shape of protein allows enzyme substrate to
    fit
  • B. specific enzyme for each specific reaction

14
What Affects Enzyme Activity
  • Temperature
  • pH

15
Temperature Effect on Rates of Enzyme Activity
  • A. Optimum (best) temperature
  • i. greatest number of collisions between enzyme
    substrate
  • ii. human enzymes 35- 40C (body temp 37C)
  • B. Raise temperature (boiling)
  • i. denature protein unfold lose shape
  • C. Lower temperature
  • i. molecules move slower
  • ii. fewer collisions between enzyme substrate

16
Temperature
humanenzymes
Whats happening here?!
Reaction Rate
Temperature ( C)
17
pH Effect on Rates of Enzyme Activity
  • A. changes in pH changes protein shape
  • B. most human enzymes work best at pH 6-8
  • i. depends on where in body
  • ii. pepsin (stomach) pH 3
  • iii. trypsin (small intestines) pH 8

18
pH
stomachpepsin
intestinestrypsin
Whats happening here?!
reaction rate
7
2
0
1
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
pH
19
Denature
  • A. When enzymes are exposed to extreme pH or high
    temperatures, they can denature
  • B. When denatured, an enzyme will no longer
    function, due to a change in enzyme structure
  • C. This is why running high fevers for extended
    time is cause for concern

20
Enzyme vocabulary review
  • Enzyme
  • Protein speeds up chemical reactions by lowering
    activation energy
  • Substrate
  • molecule that enzymes work on
  • Products
  • what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction
  • Active site
  • part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into
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