DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 58
About This Presentation
Title:

DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS

Description:

design for human factors – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:179
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 59
Provided by: PaulK252
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS


1
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
2
http//www.3dcontentcentral.com/secure/download-mo
del.aspx?catalogid171id111880
3
HUMAN - FACTORS ENGINEERING
Human factors data may exist as 1. Expert
judgments 2. Experience and common sense 3.
Design standards 4. Established design
principles 5. Graphic representations 6.
Quantitative data tables 7. Mathematical
functions and expressions
4
DESIGNING USER-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS
  • Some important questions to ask
  • 1. Can each control device be easily
    identified?
  • 2. Is the visual display arrangement optimized?
  • 3. What sensory channel would be most suitable
    for a message to be communicated through the
    displays?
  • 4. Does the design effectively use human
    decision making and adaptive capabilities?
  • Are the controls effectively designed with
    respect to shape, size, accessibility?
  • Does the design effectively address the
    possibility of grouping the tasks to be performed
    into jobs?
  • Are control devices compatible with their
    corresponding displays, with respect to human
    factors?
  • For satisfactory levels of human performance,
    were such environmental factors as noise,
    temperature, and illumination taken into
    consideration?

5
HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH A PRODUCT
  • Considering human factors during the design
    process means being aware of the user of the
    product as the occupant of a workspace, a source
    of power, a sensor, and a controller .
  • Readily available statistical data should be used
    in designing size and power relationships between
    a human user and the product being designed.
  • Product safety implies concern for injury to
    humans and for damage to the device itself, other
    equipment, or the environment.

6
HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH A PRODUCT
  • Safety can be
  • designed into a product
  • added on
  • the hazard warned against
  • The first of these is best the last is often
    unacceptable.

7
HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH A PRODUCT
Correct
Incorrect
The preferred position of the elbow when holding
a device when force or weight are involved.
8
TYPES OF VISUAL DISPLAYS
9
APPROPRIATE USES OF COMMON VISUAL DISPLAYS
10
USER FRIENDLY DESIGN
Original cloths dryer panel
Redesigned cloths dryer control panel
11
USER FRIENDLY DESIGN
Before Tool Redesign
After Tool Redesign
The handle on the right is much more
user-friendly for a lever or tool that must be
pushed with considerable force.
12
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
13
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
bad
good
14
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
bad
15
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
16
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
17
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
18
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
19
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
20
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
21
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
22
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
23
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
24
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
25
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Which way to turn for warmer water?
Bad
26
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
27
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
"Photograph courtesy of www.baddesigns.com"
28
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
29
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Bad
Good
30
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Bad
Good
31
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Bad
Good
32
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Bad
Bad
33
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Bad
34
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Bad
Good?
35
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Bad
36
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Q. What are you, stupid? These things aren't bad
designs! You're just too stupid to figure out how
to use them! You have no common sense. You're too
lazy to read instructions. A. Things designed
for common use should not require that people
have an above average intelligence and should not
require them to expend a lot of mental energy or
time learning, problem solving or reading
instructions. If designers want their products to
be widely used, they are well-advised to design
them so that they are easy to use.
www.baddesigns.com
37
DESIGN FOR HUMAN FACTORS
Q. How can I make sure the product I am working
on is easy to use? A. First, determine who is
going to use your product - for example, the
group's age and experience level. Determine what
features are going to be used most often and what
basic tasks people will perform with the product.
Build a prototype of your product that allows
people to perform the tasks - at least to some
degree. Higher fidelity prototypes are better,
but good feedback can be obtained from low
fidelity prototypes. Next, find some people who
are like the ones who will be using your product
and have them perform some typical tasks with the
prototype. Observe the people to see what
confused them, where they make mistakes or are
inefficient. Then modify the prototype to reduce
or eliminate these problems. Repeat this process
until you have eliminated the problems.
www.baddesigns.com
38
HUMAN - FACTORS ENGINEERING
  • Human-factors engineering deals with applying the
    knowledge gained from human physiology and
    psychology (concerning the characteristics and
    capabilities of the human body and mind) to
    product design and use.
  • These include such factors as height, weight,
    vision, hearing, posture, strength, age,
    intelligence, educational level, dexterity, and
    reaction time.
  • A variety of qualitative and numeric data are
    available to describe these characteristics.

39
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
  • People often
  • are reluctant to admit errors
  • perform tasks while thinking about other things
  • misread or overlook instructions and labels
  • respond irrationally in emergency situations
  • become complacent after successfully handling
    dangerous items over a longer period of time

40
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
  • People often
  • fail to recheck outlined procedures for errors
  • poor estimators of speed, clearance, or distance
    (they frequently overestimate short distances and
    underestimate larger distances )
  • too impatient to take the time needed to observe
    precautions
  • reluctant to admit that they cannot see objects
    well enough, due either to poor eyesight or to
    inadequate illumination and use their hands for
    examining or testing.

41
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR
1. Operation error - attributed to operating
personnel. Causes improper procedures, poor
surrounding environment, task complexity,
overload conditions, operator carelessness,
inadequate personnel training or selection, and
incorrect operating procedures.
42
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR
2. Maintenance error - occur in the field and
are attributable to maintenance
personnel. Examples the use of the wrong grease
to lubricate the equipment, and the incorrect
calibration of the equipment.
43
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR
3. Design error - reflect inadequate
designs. Causes inadequate analysis of the
system requirements, designer's bias toward a
specific design, insufficient time spent on the
design.
44
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR
4. Inspection error Purpose of inspection is to
uncover all items with defects, however,
inspection effectiveness often averages around
85.
45
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
5. Fabrication error - result from poor
workmanship during product assembly. Causes poor
blueprints, inadequate illumination, poor
workstation layout, excessive noise etc.
46
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
6. Installation error - attributed to incorrect
or incomplete installation of the
product. Primary cause failure to follow the
instructions or blueprints.
47
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
7. Handling error - due to the inappropriate or
improper storage or transport of a product, and
can result in damage to the product. Example
improper packaging for shipment.
48
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
8. Contributory error This classification
covers those errors that are difficult to
identify as either human or hardware.
49
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
Hartford Civic Centre Arena roof
collapse. Failure occurred due to modeling error
model was not validated. http//www.eng.uab.edu/ce
e/faculty/ndelatte/case_studies_project/Hartford2
0Civic20Center/hartford.htmTop
50
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
Sinking of Sleipner A platform Failure occurred
due to due to discretization error model was not
verified. http//www.ima.umn.edu/arnold/disasters
/sleipner.html
51
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
52
CATEGORIES OF HUMAN ERROR (CONTD)
53
PRODUCT SAFETY AND LIABILITY
  • The following must be considered when designing
    products
  • Safety standards and criteria for safe design.
  • How a product will function and the impact of
    user/operator error.
  • Analysis of safety problems, failures, and
    malfunctions during prototype testing.
  • Is the product toxic? Can it be easily
    maintained? Does it have protective guards?
    Warning labels? Hot surface? Rotating blades and
    sharp edges? etc.
  • Sudden acceleration/deceleration, pressure
    hazards, radiation, vibration,electrical and fire
    hazards, etc.

54
PRODUCT SAFETY AND LIABILITY
  • The following must be considered when designing
    products
  • Adequate factor of safety and system redundancy.
  • Cost of failure repair, cost of malfunction, cost
    of injury, cost of component and subassembly
    replacement.
  • Impact of product usage on the environment.
  • Instructions for use, troubleshooting, minor
    repair, and routine maintenance.
  • Design deficiencies such as inadequate
    identification, lighting, and accessibility.

55
SAFETY GUIDELINES
  • Eliminate hazards by modifying design,
    maintenance procedures, or material used.
  • Control hazards at their source through guarding,
    enclosing, or capturing.
  • Provide necessary warnings/instructions in
    documentation and display them in effective
    places.

56
SAFETY GUIDELINES
  • Educate people to be aware of hazards and to
    follow appropriate steps to avoid them.
  • Expect certain abuse and misuse, and take
    necessary measures to reduce their consequences.
  • Provide suitable protective equipment to people,
    and develop steps for ensuring that it is
    effectively used.

57
LABELS AND WARNINGS
1. Caution - used under conditions where hazards
or unsafe practices may lead to minor personal
injury, and/or minor damage to the product or to
property. 2. Danger - used where immediate
hazards (if they occur) would lead to severe
personal injury or death. 3. Warning - used
where hazards or unsafe acts (if they occur)
could lead to severe personal injury or death.
58
LABELS AND WARNINGS
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com