The%20Basics%20of%20Quality%20Control%20for%20Insect%20Rearing%202015

1
The Basics of Quality Control for Insect
Rearing2015

• Norm Leppla

• University of Florida
• Entomology and Nematology Department

2
Norms Career in Insect Rearing
I. Introduction

• University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2
  years
• USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and
  Texas, 17 years
• USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC
  and international, 7 years
• University of Florida- Integrated pest management
  and biological control, 18 years
• Rearing and quality of Tamarixia radiata (Chris
  Kerr)
• Extension IPM (http//ipm.ifas.ufl.edu)

3
Countries of Workshop Students
4
Quality Control Topics

• Introduction- Learning how to rear quality
  insects
• Colony Establishment and Maintenance
• Monitoring Quality
• Evaluation and Management
• Guidelines for Quality Systems
• Total Quality Management

5
Learning How to Rear High Quality Insects

• Apprentice in an insectary
• Network with other professionals
• Literature plus trial-and-error
• Visit other insectaries
• Reviews by experts
• Education and training programs

6
MSU Insect Rearing Center
Frank Davis
John Schneider
7

• Online courses
• Classroom courses
• Webinars
• Mentoring

http//insectdiets.com/
2004
8
Insectary Manager Network

• Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insects

65 Members
http//www.entsoc.org/
9
Insect Rearing Professionals Google Group
Subscribe (leonwesterd_at_gmail.com)
Léon Westerd Group moderator Head of insect
rearing Wageningen UR, Netherlands
10
VI. Total Quality Management
11
Generic Guidelines for Quality Systems

• Policy, Planning and Administration
• Design Assurance and Change Control
• Control of Purchased Materials
• Production Quality Control
• User Contact and Field Performance
• Corrective Action
• Employees- Select, Train and Motivate

12
Quality Control Programs

• Individual Companies Customers
• International Standards ISO 9000 ASTM
• The Marketplace Quality Products

13
Specifications- Requirements for a product or
service

• Standards- The level of quality at which a
  specification is written

14
Parts of an Insect Rearing System
15
A Complete QA System
16
II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsII. B. Types
of Insect Rearing SystemsII. C. Options for
Colonizing InsectsII. D. Maintaining the Quality
of Colonized Insects
II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance
17
II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects
18
White witch, Thysania agrippina (Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
19
Small-Scale Rearing Butterflies
II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems
Painted Lady
Monarch
20
Annie Lorie
Insect rearing is never a boring task insects
are always doing something interesting and pose
new challenges all the time
Punky Rogers
Medium-Scale Rearing
21
Mass Rearing- Medfly
El Pino, Guatemala
Capacity- 3.5 billion sterile male pupae per
week
Metapa, Mexico
22
II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects
Peter Ebling Insect Producer Database Mgr. Great
Lakes Forestry Centre 1219 Queen St. East Sault
Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 peter.ebling_at_nrcan.gc.ca (7
05) 541-5517
23

• World-wide listing, 35 insect 21 nematode
  orders
• Data submitted by sources
• Searchable database
• Expand clients
• Adopt-a-colony

http//www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca
24
Field Collecting Cabbage Loopers
Trichoplusia ni
25
Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing
26
II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized
Insects

• Collection of appropriate biotypes
• Colonization and strain development
• Rearing proficiency
• Colony management (SOPs)
• Select, infuse, hybridize
• Strain replacement

Sam 2005
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
Soybean Looper vs. Cabbage Looper
30
Tritrophic Rearing System Tamarixia radiata SOPs
31
(No Transcript)
32
Colony Management

• Maintain- Low productivity, variability,
  expensive
• Select- High productivity, uniformity,
  consistency
• Infuse- Short term recovery, hybridize?
• Hybridize- New strain, crosses
• Replace- New strain, adaptation

33
III. A. Quality Control Criteria and
Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for
Consistent Quality III. C. Production,
Process and Product Control
III. Monitoring Quality
34
III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized
Tests

• Quantity- Number of required stage
• Rate of Development-Synchronization
• Viability- Emergence, sex ratio
• Size- Weight or measurements
• Fecundity- Oviposition and egg hatch
• Adult Behavior-Flight, longevity
• Field Performance- Achieve purpose

35
Standardized QC Tests

• Joop van Lenteren (2003), IOBC- Guidelines for
  quality control of commercially produced natural
  enemies, 30 species
• Rose Buitenhuis (2014), Grower guide to quality
  assurance of biocontrol products, 22 species
• Custom, develop your own, site-specific

36
Number of Cabbage Looper Pupae Per Rearing
Container
Shelf Shelf Shelf Shelf Shelf Shelf Shelf Shelf Shelf Shelf
Container 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 175 157.6 17.4 302.76 190 190 191 180 142
2 167 157.6 9.4 88.36 191 191 190 180 176
3 144 157.6 -13.6 184.96 191 190 192 189 156
4 166 157.6 8.4 70.56 191 192 190 176 138
5 136 157.6 -21.6 466.56 190 191 190 174 181
Average 157.6 190.6 190.8 190.6 179.8 158.6
Sum of Squares 1,113.2
Variance 278.3
Standard Deviation 16.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 5.8 19.4
Shelf 1 is lowest
37
III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality

• Count Measurement N
• Mean Sum/Number of Counts X
• Variance Sum of (N X)2 / n-1 2
• Standard Deviation Square Root of 2 SD

38
Quality Control Charts
39

• Tamarixia radiata Parasitism on 3rd, 4th and 5th
  Instar Diphorina citri Nymphs

Anonymous, UF
40
Level of T. radiata Parasitism on D. citri
41
Level of T. radiata Parasitism on D. citri
42
T. Radiata Sex Ratio
43
T. radiata Hind Tibia Length
Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2 Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2 Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2 Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2 Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2 Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2 Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2
Host instar Females Females Females Males Males Males
Host instar Min Max xSD (n) Min Max xSD (n)
Third --- --- ---------- 0.16 0.21 0.200.02 (13) c
Fourth 0.23 0.27 0.250.02 (6) b 0.21 0.27 0.240.02 (55) b
Fifth 0.27 0.34 0.310.02 (75) a 0.27 0.33 0.290.02 (40) a
1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukeys HSD, a 0.05). 1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukeys HSD, a 0.05). 1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukeys HSD, a 0.05). 1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukeys HSD, a 0.05). 1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukeys HSD, a 0.05). 1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukeys HSD, a 0.05). 1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukeys HSD, a 0.05).
44
III. C. Production, Process and Product Control
45
Quality Assurance Actions Frequency of Actions Frequency of Actions
Production and Process Control Routinely Periodically
Have up-to-date standard operating procedures   X
Use check sheets to monitor rearing processes X  
Record daily production data X  
Track changes in production X  
Review production with staff X  
Improve product quality based on staff feedback   X
Product Control    
Conduct product quality control assessments X  
Have established minimum thresholds of quality X  
Use standard shipping and handling procedures X  
Customer Service    
Add customer feedback forms to shipments X  
Add product use instructions to shipments X  
Have an established customer service program X  
Improve product quality based on customer feedback   X
46
IV. A. Structured Diagnostic
Procedures IV. B. Quality Control Versus
Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review
IV. Evaluation and Management
47
IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures
48
IV. B. Quality Control Versus Methods Improvement

• Quality Control
• Monitor indicator variables
• Evaluate multiple variables
• Troubleshoot using QC data
• Conduct evaluations rapidly
• Goal is to maintain stable production
• Methods Improvement
• Conduct evaluations methodically
• Test one variable at a time
• Use controlled experiments
• Test results in the production system
• Goal is to optimize production

49
IV. C. Periodic Review
E. F. Knipling
W. G. Eden
50
(No Transcript)
51
V. Guidelines for Quality Systems
IOBC
52
International Organization for Biological Control
to facilitate and advance cost-effective rearing
of high quality insects and other arthropods in
support of biological control and integrated pest
management
Mission
http//www.amrqc.org
53
Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC, MRQA)

• 1982 Gainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D.
  L. Chambers
• 1984 Wadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D.
  L. Chambers
• 1986 Guatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. Calkins
• 1988 Vancouver, Canada C. 0. Calkins
• 1991 Wageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C.
  van Lenteren
• 1992 Horsholm, Denmark F. Bigler
• 1993 Rimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla
• 1995 Santa Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N.
  C. Leppla
• 1998 Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R.
  Ashley
• 2003 Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S.
  Grenier and NCL
• 2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier
  and C. S. Glenister
• 2010 Vienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A.
  Coudron
• 2013 Bangalore, India P. De Clercq
  and T. A. Coudron

54
Insect Pest Control (IPC)
http//www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-mode
l-plan-sterile-insect-technique.html
55
Insect Rearing Quality Control References

• Leppla, N. C. 2013. Quality Assurance for
  Mass-Reared Parasitoids and Predators. In Mass
  Production of Beneficial Organisms. Elsevier.
  Morales-Ramos, Rojas, and Shapiro-Ilan
• Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control
  for insect rearing. In Principles and
  Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Miss.
  State Univ. Schneider
• Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects.
  Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer. Capinera
• Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality
  control of commercially produced natural
  enemies. In Quality Control and Production of
  Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing
  Procedures. CABI. Van Lenteren

56
For more information or a copy of this
presentation please visit http//ipm.ifas.ufl.ed
u