Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry
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Allotropes of Carbon

• Allotropes are forms of the same element that
  have different bonding patterns
• Examples Diamond, Graphite, Amorphous Carbon,
  Fullerenes (buckyballs)

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• What makes carbon so special is its half filled
  valance level and small size.
• 4 valance electronscan bond with a single,
  double, or triple bond.
• Carbon most commonly bonds to itself and then
  forms long chains and rings.

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Organic Chemistry

• The study of the thousands of carbon-containing
  compounds.
• A general rule an organic molecule is one that
  contains carbon
• Exceptions to that rule are oxides of carbon (CO,
  CO2) and when you have the carbonate ion CO3-2

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Properties of Organic Molecules

• They are insoluble in water, have a low melting
  and boiling point, and form combustion reactions
  with oxygen.

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Hydrocarbons

• Organic molecules that contain only carbon and
  hyrdrogen
• CH4 C2H6

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Properties of Hydrocarbons

• HCs only contain two types of bond C-C or C-H
• HCs have low density, low melting and boiling
  points, and they dont dissolve in water

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Properties of Hydrocarbons

• Most hydrocarbons exist deep in deposits of
  natural gas and petroleum
• Both natural gas and petroleum were formed from
  the compressed and decomposed remains of ancient
  plants and animals and are called fossil fuels.

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Hydrocarbons structure and formulas

• Carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon can form single,
  double, or triple bonds and can make straight
  chains, branched chains, and rings

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Hydrocarbons structure and formulas

• Molecular formula CH4,C2H6,
• Structural Formula on board
• Condensed structural formulaon board

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Alkanes

• Any type of carbon bonding that have only single
  bonds in them.
• 1 carbon 4 hydrogens Methane
• 2 C 6 H ethane
• 3 C 8 H propane
• 4 C 10 H butane
• 5 C 12 H pentane
• 6 C 14 H hexane
• 7 C 16 H Heptane
• 8 C 18 H Octane
• 9 C 20 H Nonane
• 10 C 22 H Decane