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Discourse and pragmatics

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Title: Discourse and pragmatics


1
Discourse and pragmatics

2
  • Meaning and context
  • situational context
  • background knowledge context
  • co-textual context

3
  • Speech acts and discourse
  • Direct and indirect speech acts
  • Felicity conditions
  • Presupposition

4
  • The cooperative principle
  • Make your conversational contribution such as is
    required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the
    accepted purpose or direction of the talk
    exchange in which you are engaged (Grice 1975
    45).
  • The maxim of quality - be true
  • The maximum of quantity - be brief
  • The maxim of relation - be relevant
  • The maxim of manner - be clear

5
  • Flouting the co-operative principle

6
Cross cultural pragmatics
  • A task for Japanese university students
  • In English You are writing your graduation
    thesis (in English). You want to ask your
    (English) professor to read one of your chapters
    for you. What would you say in an email to your
    professor?

7
Dear Jim Hello, I am currently working on my
graduation thesis, and would like to know if it
is good or not. Would you mind reading one of the
chapters for me? I would really appreciate
it. Thanks Tetsuya Fujimoto
8
In Japanese You are writing your graduation
thesis (in Japanese). You want to ask your
(Japanese) professor to read one of your chapters
for you. What would you say in an email to your
professor?
9
Greetings, Professor Nakamura Early spring, in
this sizzling day, how are you spending your day?
This time, I would like you to do me a favor, and
this I why I take up my pen (In Japanese this
means to write in a formal way). I am now
writing my graduation thesis, and even though I
am afraid to ask, would you mind seeing my work
of course, as long as it does not bother you. If
it is not inconvenient for you, could you please
consider it? I beg you again Sincerely Tetsuya
Fujimoto
10
Reasons for differences In a formal Japanese
letter, there is reference to the weather or
season, but in English letters, there is nothing
like that. The reason why Japanese start letters
with irrelevant topics is because it is too blunt
to say what you want to say without putting
seasonal words first. Also, in the English one,
we can say thank you or I will appreciate it
but in the Japanese one, it should be avoided
because if we say thank you, it imposes and
sounds as if we were expecting the professor to
do the task.
11
Positive and negative face Involvement and
independence In order to maintain social
relationships, people need to acknowledge the
face of other people. Thus, we seek to make the
other person feel good, thereby maintaining their
positive face' or sense of involvement. People
also, at the same time, avoid treading on each
other's physical territory, field of knowledge,
or friendship, thus maintaining the other
person's negative face or independence

12
  • Involvement strategies (showing closeness,
    intimacy, rapport and solidarity)
  • Independence strategies (giving the other person
    choices, allowing them to maintain their freedom)

13
Face and politeness
  • Face and politeness across cultures
  • Politeness and gender
  • Politeness and cross-cultural pragmatic failure
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