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Socrates: A New Type of Greek Hero

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Title: Socrates: A New Type of Greek Hero


1
Socrates A New Type of Greek Hero
2
Bertrand Russell Wrote
  • To teach how to live without certainty, and yet
    without being paralyzed by hesitation, is perhaps
    the chief thing that philosophy, in our age, can
    still do for those who study it.

3
  • Men of Athens, I honor and love you but I shall
    obey God rather than you, and while I have life
    and strength I shall never cease from the
    practice and teaching of philosophy.

4
  • Plato saw Socrates as a living embodiment of
    goodness and wisdom, which Plato considered the
    crucial foundation of a good society.

5
Protagoras
  • According to Sophists such as Protagoras, Man
    was the measure of all things

6
  • The ultimate value of any belief or opinion could
    be judged only by its practical utility.

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  • Socrates believed that the act of questioning was
    itself a power for good in that it freed us from
    superficial opinions and attitudes.

9
  • How one should live, and how to think clearly
    about how one should live, became his abiding
    concern.

10
  • Socrates said God is not speaking of Socrates,
    he is only using my name by way of illustration,
    as if he said, He, O men, is wisest, who like
    Socrates, knows that his wisdom is in truth worth
    nothing

11
  • Socrates affirmed the Delphic motto Know
    thyself, for he believed that it was only
    through self-knowledge, through an understanding
    of ones own psyche and its proper condition,
    that one could find genuine happiness.

12
  • No one ever does wrong knowingly, for it is the
    very nature of the good that when it is known, it
    is desired. In this sense, Socrates held, virtue
    is knowledge. A truly happy life is a life of
    right action directed according to reason. The
    key to human life happiness, therefore, is the
    development of a rational moral character.

13
  • Socrates is a gad-fly, given to the state by God
  • Questioning is at the heart of Socrates
    methodology.

14
  • It was in the course of pursuing genuine reality
    that Socrates developed his famous dialectical
    form of argument that would become fundamental to
    the character and evolution of the Western
    mindReasoning through rigorous dialogue as a
    method of intellectual investigation intended to
    expose false beliefs and elicit truth.

15
  • Genuine knowledge was not something that could
    simply be received from another secondhand like a
    purchased commodity, as with the Sophists, but
    was rather a personal achievement, won only at
    the cost of constant intellectual struggle and
    self-critical reflection. The life not tested by
    criticism, Socrates declared, is not worth
    living.

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  • It was his presence that so marked those who
    followed him. They believed that his process of
    questioning led him to a profound self-knowledge
    that gave what he taught such authority and
    forcefulness.

19
  • Contemplation, the power of the mind to ponder,
    think, and question, was seen by Socrates as a
    vital force for seeking and finding the True, the
    Good, and the Beautiful.
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