Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Egypt
Chapter 2
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Chapter 2, Section 3 The Egyptian Empire
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The Drive For More Land

• During the Middle Kingdom years Egypt captured
  territory in Nubia (to the south) and Syria.
• These kingdoms had to pay tribute to the
  Pharaoh or risk further attacks by the Egyptians.
• With the additional wealth, Egypt irrigated new
  farm fields and dug a large canal connecting the
  Nile River to the Red Sea.

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The Arts Blossom!

• Also, during the Middle Kingdom years the arts,
  literature, and architecture grew.
• Many large statues were carved and art was carved
  on building walls that showed the pharaohs and
  the gods.
• Rather than continuing to build pyramids, tombs
  were dug into the sides of mountains, as at The
  Valley of the Kings.

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Who Were The Hyksos?

• The Hyksos were invading warriors from western
  Asia.
• They crossed the desert and conquered Egypt.
  Their weapons were bronze and iron. They ruled
  Egypt for 120 years.
• Finally, an Egyptian prince named Ahmose lead an
  uprising and drove them out of Egypt.

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A Woman Ruler

• In 1473 B.C. Hatshepsut, a woman, ruled Egypt
  with her husband. When he died she planned to
  rule until her nephew grew up. But later, she
  declared herself Pharaoh.
• Hatshepsut expanded trade with other parts of the
  known worldespecially for wood (can you guess
  why?).

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Expanding the Empire

• After Hatshepsut died, her nephew Thutmose III
  did become pharaoh.
• Thutmose III regained (conquered) Nubia and lands
  east to the Euphrates River.
• Egypt rebuild its cities, Thebes, and grew rich
  again.
• Thutmose III used enslaved prisoners to build
  monuments and cities.
• Before Thutmose III there was no slavery in
  ancient Egypt.

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The Boy King
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Saturday Night Live, 1979
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Yul Brynner as Ramses II in the 1956 motion
picture, The Ten Commandments.
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Why Were The Temples Built?

• Under Ramses II, many monuments and buildings
  were built.
• Many temples were built, the most famous was
  Karnak, at Thebes. It was built with slave labor.
• Ancient Egyptians prayed at home to their gods.
  The temples were meant to be the homes of the
  gods.
• The temples were also used to store valuables
  like jewels, gold, sweet smelling oils, and cloth.

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Egypts Decline and Fall

• By 1150 B.C. Ramses II had died and the pharaohs
  that followed were weak.
• Outside armies invaded and took Egyptian land,
  except for the Nile Delta land.
• Egypt was invaded and conquered first the
  Libyans, then the people of Kush (from the south
  of Egypt), and finally the Assyrians (Do you
  remember them from Chapter 1?).

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The
End
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