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Plant Classes and Parts

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Plant Classes and Parts Basic Plant Science AFNR-BAS-13: Explain and demonstrate basic plant science principles including plant health, growth and reproduction. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Plant Classes and Parts


1
Plant Classes and Parts
  • Basic Plant Science

AFNR-BAS-13 Explain and demonstrate basic plant
science principles including plant health, growth
and reproduction.
2
Uses of Plants
  • Plants provide for the three basic human needs
  • food fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, etc.
  • clothing cotton, linen, wool, leather (plants
    feed the animals that grow the wool and leather)
  • shelter lumber and other wood products

3
Uses of Plants
  • direct source the plant or plant products are
    used by humans
  • fruits, nuts, vegetables, cotton
  • indirect source humans use the animal and animal
    products that feed on plants and plant products
  • beef, leather, chicken, wool

4
Uses of Plants
  • Plants are also used by humans for ornamental and
    aesthetic reasons to provide comfort or beauty.
  • landscaping (flowers, shrubs, trees, turf)
  • ornamental horticulture and floral design (house
    plants, cut flowers
  • forestry and outdoor recreation (wildlife
    habitat, hiking, hunting)

5
Major Groups of Plants
  • gymnosperms
  • means naked seed in Greek
  • plants that produce seeds not protected by fruit
  • examples pines, firs, spruces, redwoods, ginkgo

6
Major Groups of Plants
  • angiosperms
  • in Greek means covered seed or enclosed seed
  • plants that flower and produce seeds protected by
    fruit or pods
  • examples apples, peaches, pecans, soybeans

7
Major Groups of Plants
  • There are two classes of angiosperms with
    distinct characteristics.
  • cotyledon an embryonic leaf which become the
    seed leaf
  • monocotyledons (a.k.a. monocots) mono- - means
    one
  • dicotyledons (a.k.a. dicots) di- means two

8
Major Groups of Plants
  • monocotyledons (a.k.a. monocots)
  • seeds have one cotyledon therefore the seedlings
    have one seed leaf
  • the vascular bundles are scattered
  • the leaves have parallel veins
  • flower parts are in multiples of three

9
Major Groups of Plants
  • dicotyledons (a.k.a. dicots)
  • seeds have two cotyledons therefore the seedlings
    have two seed leaves
  • the vascular bundles are arranged in a circle
  • the leaves have netted veins
  • flower parts are in multiples of four or five

10
Taxonomy (Naming Plants)
  • scientific names are in Latin and printed in
    italics
  • common names can be confusing because different
    areas call plants by different names
  • binomial nomenclature
  • two-name system
  • first name is the genus
  • second name is the species
  • species can be further subdivided into varieties

11
Plant Life Cycles
  • Annuals plants that complete their life cycle in
    one year (or one season)
  • examples marigolds, pansies, petunias, melons,
    beans, squash (and many other flowers, crops, and
    weeds)

12
Plant Life Cycles
  • Biennials plants that complete their life cycle
    in two growing seasons
  • grows vegetative structures (roots, stems,
    leaves) in the first year and then after a period
    of dormancy during cold months, it will produce
    flowers and seeds before dying
  • examples carrot, parsley, onion, cabbage,
    hollyhock, Black-eyed Susan

13
Plant Life Cycles
  • Perennials plants that produce for more than two
    years or growing seasons
  • may die back during the winter months and then
    return from their rootstock
  • examples azalea, alfalfa, pine trees, maple
    trees, fruit and nut trees, blueberries
  • There are two classes of perennials.
  • herbaceous plants that have soft stems that are
    killed by frost
  • woody plants with hardy stems that can survive
    winter frost

14
Plant Processes
  • photosynthesis the chemical process converting
    sunlight into energy and food for the plant
  • respiration the process of plants using stored
    energy
  • transpiration the movement and loss of water
    through evaporation

15
Plant Parts
  • Roots
  • anchor the plant
  • absorb water and minerals
  • store manufactured food
  • primary root the single main root
  • secondary roots small roots that branch off the
    main root
  • root hairs many tiny roots that increase the
    surface area of the root for absorption
  • root cap protects the growing tip of roots

16
Plant Parts
  • Types of Roots
  • tap root root system with one thick main root
  • fibrous roots system with many small roots
  • adventitious roots grow from the stem or leaf of
    a plant
  • example corn has roots above ground to prop up
    the stalk

17
Plant Parts
  • Stems
  • support the leaves, flowers, and fruit
  • conduct water, minerals, and food
  • store food and water
  • produce new stem tissues

18
Plant Parts
  • Two types of conductive tissues in the stem
  • xylem transports water and minerals from the
    roots
  • phloem transports food from the leaves
  • both are created by the cambium which becomes
    growth rings in trees
  • the xylem and phloem are arranged in a ring in
    dicots and scattered in moncots

19
Plant Parts
  • Leaves
  • produce food for the plant through photosynthesis
  • epidermis protective layer of cells
  • cuticle waxy coating that prevents water loss
  • stomata pore-like openings on the underside of
    the leaf that allow gas exchange
  • guard cells control the opening and closing of
    the stomata
  • mesophyll where photosynthesis takes place made
    up of palisade layer and the spongy layer
  • veins contain xylem and phloem and transport
    water and nutrients

20
Plant Parts
  • Flowers
  • purpose of flowers is to reproduce through the
    production of seeds
  • sepals the outermost part of a flower (usually
    green) that protects the unopened flower and
    supports the petals when it blooms
  • as a whole all the sepals are called the calyx
  • petals attract insects and birds for
    pollination usually conspicuously colored

21
Plant Parts
  • Flowers
  • stamen the male part of the flower
  • anther produces the pollen which contains the
    male sex cells
  • filament supports the anther
  • pistil the female part of the flower
  • stigma provides a sticky surface to catch pollen
  • style supports the stigma
  • ovary produces the female sex cells and becomes
    the fruit

22
Flower Anatomy
23
Plant Parts
  • Flowers
  • complete flowers flowers that have all the parts
    (sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil)
  • incomplete flowers flowers that lack one of the
    four main parts - petals, sepals, pistil, or
    stamen
  • male flowers will not have a pistil and female
    flowers will lack stamen
  • monoecious plants that have male and female
    flowers on the same plant
  • dioecious plants that have male and female
    flowers on separate plants

24
Plant Parts
  • Fruit
  • a mature (fertilized) ovary containing the seed
    or seeds
  • may be fleshy or dried
  • fleshy fruit are soft and may be consumed by
    humans or animals as food which helps to disperse
    the seeds examples include pumpkin, apple,
    tomato
  • dry fruits have hard seeds

25
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