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Society and Culture in Ancient China

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Title: Society and Culture in Ancient China


1
Society and Culture in Ancient China
  • Chapter 7.2

2
Objectives
  • SPI 6.33 Analyze the structure of the Zhou
    Dynasty and the emergence of Daoism,
    Confucianism, and Legalism
  • SPI 6.34 Identify the political and cultural
    patterns prevalent in the time of Confucius and
    how he sought to solve them

3
Chinese Philosophies
  • 3 major philosophies
  • Confucianism
  • Daoism
  • Legalism
  • Main Goal was to create a well-run and peaceful
    society

4
What Ideas Did Confucius Teach?
  • Confucianism was based on teaching of Confucius
  • Criticized kings
  • Urged people to follow ancestors
  • Tried to bring peace and harmony to China
  • Duty is central idea of Confucianism
  • Parents love children
  • Children respect parents
  • Rulers should rule justly

5
The Influence of Confucius
  • Confucius believed the government service should
    be open to men of ability
  • Sayings of Confucius called The Analects
  • His ideas continued to shape Chinese society
    until 1900s

6
The Philosophy of Daoism
  • Daoism promoted a peaceful society
  • Began with the ideas of Laozi
  • Believes people should free themselves from
    worldly desires and live simply
  • Turn to nature and the Dao-the spiritual force
    that guides all things
  • This will cause people to live a happy life

7
Confucianism vs Daoism
  • Confucius taught people should work hard to make
    the world better
  • Daoism taught people to turn away from worldly
    affairs and live in harmony with nature

8
Legalism
  • Legalism-School of Law
  • Believes humans are evil
  • Strict laws and harsh punishment were necessary
    to force people to do their duty
  • EMPHASIZED FORCE

9
Chinese Life
  • Chinese society was divided into 4 classes
  • Landowning aristocrats
  • Farmers
  • Artisans
  • merchants

10
Lives of Aristocrats
  • Aristocrats were wealthy
  • Owned large plots of land
  • Familys land was divided equally among all of
    the male heirs

11
Lives of the Farmers
  • 9 out of 10 Chinese farmed
  • Lived in rural villages surrounded by mud walls
  • Rented the field
  • Paid taxes
  • Farmers forced to serve as soldiers

12
Lives of the Artisans and Merchants
  • Artisans are skilled workers
  • Wealthy
  • Not respected members of society
  • People believed merchants worked for their own
    gain and not for the good of society

13
What were Chinese Families Like?
  • Family was at the center of early Chinese society
  • Practiced filial piety-peoples responsibility to
    respect and obey their parents
  • Required people to take care of their parents

14
Roles of Men and Women
  • Men were respected because of their jobs
  • Considered the jobs of men more important than
    the work of women
  • Women raised children and saw to their education
  • Women managed household and family finances
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