Heart Disease

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Heart Disease
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• Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women yet
  only 8 of American women realize it is a greater
  threat than cancer
• A woman has a 50 chance of dying from her first
  heart event, compared with a 30 chance for a man
• Of those who survive their first heart attack,
  38 of women will die within a year, vs. 25 of
  men
• 46 of women are disabled by heart failure after
  a heart attack, compared with 22 of men

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Percentage breakdown of deaths from
cardiovascular diseases (United States 2006)
- Not a true underlying cause.Source NCHS.
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Heart Facts

• 43 million Americans have one or more forms of
  heart/blood vessel disease
• 1.5 million Americans will have a heart attack
  this year 550,000 will die each year
• 350,000 Americans die before they reach the
  hospital. Why? Because the average victim waits
  3 hours before seeking help

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Heart Facts

• U.S. has the 2nd highest death rate from heart
  disease in the world (Finland is 1 because of a
  high fat diet a high amount of alcohol
  consumption Japan had a diet high in fish
  veggies and has the lowest death rate in the
  world from heart disease)

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Heart Facts

• Heart disease is the 1 killer in the U.S. (over
  1/2 of all deaths are from CVDs. Heart disease
  beats out accidents, cancer, pneumonia combined)

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CVD disease mortality trends for males and
females(United States 1979-2006). Source NCHS
and NHLBI.
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Atherosclerosis

• Atherosclerosis is the major underlying condition
  of cardiovascular disease
• Also known as hardening of the arteries
• It is a degenerative disease that can narrow or
  block arteries to the brain, heart, kidneys
  other parts of the body.

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Atherosclerosis

• Artery linings become thick by deposits of fat,
  cholesterol, cellular debris calcium

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Process of atherosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis
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Risk factors to heart disease

• Major factors that cannot be changed
• -heredity
• -sex (men higher)
• -race (blks higher)
• -age (higher w/age)

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Risk factors to heart disease

• Factors that can be changed
• -cigarette smoking
• -high blood pressure
• -blood cholesterol
• -physical inactivity

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Risk factors to heart disease

• Contributing factors
• -obesity
• -lack of exercise
• -stress
• -diabetes

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Prudent heart living

• Prudent heart living is modifying or altering
  risk factors to minimize the risk of future heart
  disease
• Weight control
• Physical fitness/exercise/remember the heart is a
  muscle

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Prudent heart living

• No smoking
• Stress control
• Control of blood pressure
• Diabetic control,meds, diet
• Sensible nutrition
• a) avoid foods high in cholesterol
• b) eat more fish poultry

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Prudent heart living

• c) cook with vegetable oils
• d) drink non-fat milk
• e) avoid fast foods
• f) reduce salt

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Signals of a heart attack (MImyocardial
infarction)

• Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or
  pain in the chest lasting 2 minutes or longer
• Pain may spread to shoulder, neck, or arms
• Severe pain, dizziness, fainting, sweating,
  nausea, or shortness of breath
• Not all signals may be present

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WHAT IS A STROKE?

• Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the
  brain.
• Third leading cause of death in the US.
• Responsible for 1 death in 15
• About 500,000 new strokes annually

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Risk Factors

• Increasing age
• Male
• Family history
• Prior stroke
• High blood pressure
• Cigarette smoking
• Diabetes
• Carotid artery disease
• Heart Disease
• Mini strokes
• High red blood cell count

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Other Factors

• Socioeconomic factors
• Excessive alcohol intake
• Certain kinds of drug abuse

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Signs of a Stroke

• Sudden severe headache
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the
  body
• Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or
  understanding
• Sudden dizziness, trouble walking, or loss of
  balance or coordination

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Kinds of Strokes

• Cerebral embolism Occurs when a clot travels
  through the bloodstream and lodges in the brain.
• Cerebral Thrombosis Occurs when a clot forms
  inside one of the arteries in the brain. Blood
  flow to parts of the brain is blocked.
• Cerebral Hemorrhage Occurs when an artery
  inside the brain bursts. This presents two
  problems. One, blood flow to a part of the brain
  is cut off. Two, accumulated blood from the
  burst artery causes pressure in the surrounding
  brain tissue.

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Kinds of Strokes Continued

• Aneurysm Is a blood filled pouch that balloons
  out from a weak spot in an artery wall. A stroke
  occurs when an aneurysm bursts in the brain.
• Brain tumor can press on an artery and cut off
  circulation.

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STROKES

• The Effects of Stroke   If a stroke occurs blood
  flow cant reach the region that controls a
  particular body function, that part of the body
  wont work as it should. If the stroke occurs
  toward the back of the brain, for instance, its
  likely that some disability involving vision will
  result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily
  on the location of the obstruction and the extent
  of brain tissue affected. Because one side of the
  brain controls the opposite side of the body, a
  stroke affecting one side will result in
  neurological complications on the side of the
  body it affects.

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STROKES

• Right Brain If the stroke occurs in the brains
  right side, the left side of the body (and the
  RIGHT side of the face) will be affected, which
  could produce any or all of the following  
• - Paralysis on the left side of the body  
• - Vision problems  
• - Quick inquisitive behavioral style  
• - Memory loss

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STROKES

• Left Brain If the stroke occurs in the left side
  of the brain, the right side of the body (and the
  LEFT side of the face) will be affected,
  producing some or all of the following  
• - Paralysis of the right side of the body  
  -Speech/language problems  
• -Slow, cautious behavioral style  
• -Memory loss