DNA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DNA

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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid The DNA Connection What have you learned about inheritance, DNA, and cell division up to this point? How do genes determine the traits of an ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: DNA


1
DNA
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid

2
The DNA Connection
  • What have you learned about inheritance, DNA, and
    cell division up to this point?
  • How do genes determine the traits of an organism?

3
Where is DNA?
  • Inside the nucleus of a cell.
  • Chromosomes are made of DNA.
  • Each chromosome contains thousands of genes.

4
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5
The Importance of DNA
  • DNA tells the body how to make proteins.
  • Proteins help to determine all of your physical
    traits.
  • Directions for making proteins are found on
    genes.

6
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7
What are Chromosomes?
  • Chromosomes are dark, rod-shaped bodies found in
    the cell nucleus.
  • Chromosomes are composed mostly of proteins and
    DNA.

8
History of DNA
9
Rosalind Franklin
  • Used X-ray diffraction (the way molecules bend
    X-rays) to determine the structure of molecules.
  • One of the photographs suggested that DNA was a
    helical (spiral) structure.

10
James Watson Francis Crick
  • Created the double helix model.
  • Recognized the ability of DNA to form exact
    copies of itself.

11
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12
Structure of DNA(Twisted Ladder Double Helix)
  • Nitrogen
  • Bases
  • Sugars
  • Phosphates

13
The Sides of the Ladder
  • Sugars and phosphates form the backbone of the
    DNA molecule.
  • The name of the sugar is DEOXYRIBOSE.

14
The Rungs of the Ladder
  • The DNA molecule is made up of four different
    nitrogen bases.
  • Adenine Thymine
  • Cytosine Guanine
  • The bases attach to the sugar part of the DNA
    backbone (sides).
  • The order of the bases form a genetic code that
    specifies what type of protein will be produced.

15
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16

DNA Replication
17
How Does it Work?
  • DNA molecule unzips down the middle into two
    pieces.
  • It breaks apart where the bases are joined.
  • Extra bases are made in the cytoplasm.
  • These bases pair up with the free bases.
  • Two new complete DNA molecules form which are
    identical to the original DNA.

18
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