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Communism In China Notes

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I. China Before the Chinese Civil War . Chinese Revolution (1911) Sun Yixianloses control of government due to warlords; the goals of reforming China were – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Communism In China Notes


1
Communism In China Notes
2
I. China Before the Chinese Civil War
  • By the 1900s, China with a was ripe for
    revolution
  • Ruled by the Qing dynasty, which was unable to
    make changes to improve China
  • Foreign countries controlled Chinas trade and
    economic resources led to years of humiliation
    during Imperialism
  • Feudalism created an unfair and unequal system in
    China
  • Roughly 80 of the population live in rural
    areas, with 10 of the rural population
    controlling 70 of the land
  • Many Chinese believed that modernization and
    nationalism held the countrys key for survival

3
I. China Before the Chinese Civil War
  • Chinese Revolution (1911)
  • Between 1911-1912, the Kuomintang, or Nationalist
    Party, overthrow the last emperor of the Qing
    dynasty
  • Created the Republic of China with Sun Yixian as
    the first president
  • New government wanted to bring nationalism,
    democracy, and economic security

4
I. China Before the Chinese Civil War
  • Chinese Revolution (1911)
  • Sun Yixian loses control of government due to
    warlords the goals of reforming China were
    abandoned
  • As a result protests broke out in China
  • Tensions increased after WWI and the Treaty of
    Versailles because Chinese territories,
    controlled by imperialist countries, were NOT
    returned to the people of China, even though
    China helped the Allied Powers win WWI

Warlord Era
5
I. China Before the Chinese Civil War
  • Rise of the Chinese Communist Party (1921)
  • Due to the corruption, economic problems, and
    failures of the government many people began to
    support the newly created Chinese Communist Party
  • 1925 Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) became the
    leader of the Kuomintang, after the death of Sun
    Yixian in 1924
  • Communist party would work with Nationalist to
    defeat warlords in China uniting China under one
    government

6
I. China Before the Chinese Civil War
  • Rise of the Chinese Communist Party (1921)
  • Mao Zedong would emerge as a leader in the
    Communist Party
  • Gained support from the peasants in China by
    promising land and education reform received
    support from the U.S.S.R.
  • Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist would receive
    support from the U.S., but many officials kept
    the money (3.5 billion)
  • 1927 Chiang turned against the communist party,
    nearly wiping out the entire Chinese Communist
    Party
  • This marked the start of the Chinese Civil War
  • 1928 Chiang became the President of the
    Republic of China

7
II. Chinese Civil War (1927-1950)
  • Chinese Communist vs Chinese Nationalist
  • The communist regrouped in south-central China a
    very rural area with lots of peasants who would
    join the Red Army
  • The army was trained in guerrilla warfare, but
    outnumbered by Nationalist army
  • By 1933, communist were surrounded and Mao Zedong
    was forced to flee
  • The Long March (1934-1935) a hazardous
    6,000-mile-journey from southern China to
    northern China
  • Thousands would die of hunger, cold, exposure,
    and battle wounds
  • Eventually the communist settled in caves in
    northwest China

8
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9
II. Chinese Civil War (1927-1950)
  • World War II
  • However in 1931, the Japanese invade Manchuria in
    northwest China
  • In 1937, the Japanese launch an all-out invasion
    of China controlling large parts of China by
    1938
  • The Chinese Civil War is put on hold to fight
    against the Japanese occupation of China
  • After WWII, the civil war for power and control
    in China would resume

10
II. Chinese Civil War (1927-1950)
  • Communist Win the Chinese Civil War
  • Even more peasants in China join the communist
    due to their fierce fighting of the Japanese and
    the decline of the Chinese economy (even some
    soldiers from the Nationalist Army switch sides)
  • Due to the increased support, Mao is able to win
    control of mainland China and force Chiang to the
    island of Taiwan
  • Mao establishes a communist government Peoples
    Republic of China (Oct. 1949) and allied with
    the U.S.S.R
  • U.S. helped Chiang set up a government on Taiwan
    Republic of China

11
III. Communist Transform China
  • Once in power Mao expanded Chinese borders into
    Tibet, India, and parts of Mongolia
  • Mao wanted to transform the Chinese economy and
    culture

12
III. Communist Transform China
  • Agrarian Reform Law (1950)
  • The government take land from landlords in China
  • More than a million executed for resisting
  • Land divided among peasants
  • Later peasants are forced to join collective
    farms consisting of 200-300 families
  • Collective Farms large government-controlled
    farms formed by combining small farms

13
III. Communist Transform China
  • Nationalized Businesses
  • Gradually private companies were nationalized or
    brought under government ownership
  • First Five-Year Plan (1953)
  • Set high production goals for industry
  • Five-Year Plan a plan to meet specific economic
    goals in 5 years typically used in communism
  • By 1957, Chinas output of coal, cement, steel,
    and electricity had increased drastically

14
III. Communist Transform China
  • Great Leap Forward (1958)
  • Maos second five-year plan
  • Established Communes or even larger
    government-controlled farms (avg. 15,000 acres
    and 25,000 people)
  • Peasants worked the land and lived together
    everything produced went to the government to be
    redistributed
  • No incentive to work hard and led to crop
    failure, which led to a famine with 20 million
    deaths
  • Great Leap Forward was a disaster and ended in
    1961

15
Great Leap Forward
16
Famine
17
III. Communist Transform China
  • Sino-Soviet Split (1960s)
  • China and Soviet Union share a border, so they
    argued over borders and territory
  • Both wanted to spread communism, but had
    different ideas of what communism was and how it
    should be run
  • There are more elaborate similarities/differenc
    es, but this is the basic similarities/differences

18
III. Communist Transform China
  • Chinese Communism (Maoism)
  • Focuses on peasant and agriculture
  • Lasted longer and happened later
  • Adapted to survive
  • Soviet Communism (Stalinism)
  • Focuses on factory workers and industry
  • Shorter and happened earlier
  • Ends in 1991
  • Both
  • Authoritarian government
  • Centralized one-party
  • Collectivization/ Nationalization
  • State over individual need
  • Need to change social problems

19
IV. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
  • With the failures of the Great Leap Forward and
    the end of the alliance with the Soviet Union
  • Mao decides to reduce his role and control in the
    government
  • New leaders move away from Maos strict policies
  • Mao thought these new ideas were weakening the
    goal of social equality

20
IV. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
  • Mao calls for young people in China to revive the
    revolution
  • Millions of high school and college students
    formed the Red Guard
  • Red Guard - soldiers who want to remove anyone
    and anything that was opposed to Maos ideas
  • Wanted to establish a society of peasants and
    workers in which everyone was equal

21
IV. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
  • 20-30 million Red Guards began a Cultural
    Revolution
  • Guided by Maos Little Red Book a book of
    quotes
  • Want to destroy the Four Olds Old culture,
    ideas, customs, and habits

22
Cultural Revolution Destruction
23
IV. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
  • Buddhist temples are destroyed
  • Intellectuals and artists were seen as useless
    and dangerous - Colleges and schools were shut
    down
  • Intellectuals had to purify themselves by doing
    hard labor in remote villages
  • People were attacked for having traditional or
    capitalistic beliefs

24
Cultural Revolution Public Shame
25
IV. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
  • Legacy of the Cultural Revolution
  • Cultural Revolution disrupts Chinas economic and
    educational systems
  • Chinese culture, knowledge, and history are lost
  • Estimated that 36 million people are persecuted,
    while 750,000 2 million die

26
IV. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
  • Communist party in China decided that the
    Cultural Revolution was having a negative effect
    on China
  • Mao Zedong dies in 1976, while the Chinese army
    is used to end the Cultural Revolution and arrest
    the Gang of Four
  • Many people become opposed to Maos form of
    communism but Mao is still seen as a national
    hero
  • By late 1970s- Early 1980s China begins to talk
    with the U.S. and moves towards a less communist
    economy, while focusing on modernizing and
    industrializing

27
The End
  • Videos
  • The History and Rise of China
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