Title: Effectiveness of Nutrition Education and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress among Overweight and Obese Adults
1Effectiveness of Nutrition Education and Fruit
and Vegetable Consumption on Changes in
Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
among Overweight and Obese Adults
- M. G. Wagner1, K. Hert1, L. Myers1, J. Levine2,
T. Heck1, Y. Rhee1 - 1Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise
Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo,
ND, 2Family Nutrition Sciences, Concordia
College, Moorhead, MN
2Abstract
- Introduction The growing prevalence of
overweight and obesity among adults is concerning
because of the numerous health conditions
associated with excess weight. Underlying
mechanisms believed to contribute to these
detrimental health outcomes are oxidative stress
and inflammation. Fortunately, regulation of
oxidative stress and inflammation is possible via
antioxidants consumed through a diet adequate in
fruits and vegetables. However, adults
consumption of fruits and vegetables is below
recommended amounts, which places them at
increased risk for chronic diseases. - Purpose This study was designed to determine the
effectiveness of a community-based fruit and
vegetable education program and provision of
fruits and vegetables on consumption of fruits,
vegetables, antioxidants, and changes in
biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress
among overweight and obese adults. - Methods Forty-seven adults (16 men/31 women
45.9 11.8 y body mass index 32.7 7.3 kg/m2)
were randomly assigned to one of three
intervention groups. The control group received
no intervention the education group attended
weekly nutrition education sessions and the
fruit and vegetable group attended weekly
nutrition education sessions and received one
serving of fruits and two servings of vegetables
per day for 10 weeks. Consumption of fruits,
vegetables, and antioxidants were assessed using
three-day food records. - Results Changes in consumption of fruits,
vegetables, and antioxidants among participants
were associated with improvements in biomarkers
of inflammation and oxidative stress in those
receiving education but not among control group
participants. - Discussion Adequate and varied consumption of
fruits and vegetables is recommended to aid in
the prevention and regulation of inflammation.
3Introduction
- Rates of overweight and obesity have reached
epidemic proportions in the U.S. contributing to
increased risk of chronic disease1 - An underlying mechanism believed to contribute to
these detrimental health outcomes is the
inflammatory process2
4Introduction
5Introduction
- Antioxidant systems in the body are responsible
for regulating oxidative stress and subsequent
inflammation3 - Because of their high antioxidant content,
consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is
widely encouraged4 - Americans, including overweight and obese adults,
consume the recommended FV servings5 -
6Purpose
- To determine the effectiveness of a
community-based fruit and vegetable education
program and provision of FV on consumption of
fruits, vegetables, antioxidants, and changes in
biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress
among overweight and obese adults
7Methods
- Study protocol approved by the North Dakota State
University Institutional Review Board - Participants
- 47 adults
- Inclusion
- Age over 18 years
- BMI gt 25 kg/m2
- Exclusion
- History of bariatric surgery
- Current smoker
- Pregnant
8Methods
- Study Duration
- Pre-testing
- 2 weeks
- Intervention
- 10 weeks
- Post-testing
- 2 weeks
- Data Collection
- Demographics
- Dietary Intake
- 3-day Food Record
- Laboratory Assessments
- Fasting Blood Draw
- Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- C-reactive protein
9Methods
10(No Transcript)
11Methods
- Statistical Analysis
- PASW version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)
- Alpha level lt .05
- Descriptive statistics
- T tests
- Pearson correlation
- Analysis of variance
12Demographics
Control Education FV Gender
Female 5 6 5 Male
3 9 19 Age (y)
42.1 14.2 47.7 10.7
46.0 11.9 BMI (kg/m2) 33.0 11.1
32.5 6.0 32.7 7.1
13Fruit Consumption
Significant difference in mean servings consumed
per day from pre-test to post-test
14Vegetable Consumption
15Beta Carotene Consumption
Trend toward a significant difference in
consumption from pre-test to post-test
16Vitamin C Consumption
17Vitamin E Consumption
18Selenium Consumption
19Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
Trend toward a significant difference in
consumption from pre-test to post-test
20C-Reactive Protein
Trend toward a significant difference in
consumption from pre-test to post-test
21Discussion
- Supplementation was effective at increasing FV
consumption. This is the first study to examine
effects of FV supplementation on consumption
patterns of overweight and obese adults. - Decreases in oxidative stress and inflammatory
biomarkers were greatest among participants in
the FV group, which suggests a possible benefit
of FV supplementation on decreased inflammation.3
22Conclusions
- A limitation was that a convenience sample was
used, thereby limiting the generalizability of
the results. - Efforts to increase consumption should focus on
encouraging intake of a variety of FV,
particularly those with the highest antioxidant
content. - It is also necessary to emphasize management of
overall energy intake, including decreased
consumption of high-energy, nutrient poor foods.
23References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Obesity and overweight. U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services. Available at
http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/overwt.htm.
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