Genetics of Blood Types

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Genetics of Blood Types

• Your blood type is established before you are
  BORN, by specific GENES inherited from your
  parents.
• You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one
  from your FATHER.
• These genes determine your blood type by causing
  proteins called AGGLUTINOGENS to exist on the
  surface of all of your red blood cells.

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What are blood types?
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How common is your blood type?
46.1
38.8
11.1
3.9
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ABO inheritance and genetics

• The ABO gene is autosomal (the gene is not on
  either sex chromosomes)
• The ABO gene locus is located on the chromosome
  9.

• A and B blood groups are dominant over the O
  blood group

• A and B group genes are co-dominant

• Each person has two copies of genes coding for
  their ABO blood group (one maternal and one
  paternal in origin)

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AUTOSOMAL CHROMOSOME
The alleles for Blood group are in the same place
on the chromosome 9. However the genes have a
different code giving the different blood group
A
B
Mustafa
Sara
one alleles from Mustafa and one from Sara.
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What do co-dominant genes mean?
This meant that if a person inherited one A group
gene and one B group gene their red cells would
possess both the A and B blood group antigens.
These alleles were termed A ( which produced
the A antigen ), B (which produced the B
antigen) and O (which was "non functional"and
produced no A or B antigen)
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Possible Blood group Genotypes
Parent Allele A B O
A
B
O
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Possible Blood group Genotypes
Parent Allele A B O
A AA AB AO
B AB BB BO
O AO BO OO
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• Giving someone blood from the wrong ABO group
  could be fatal.
• The anti-A antibodies in group B attack group A
  cells and vice versa.
• Blood group O negative is a different story.

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• The ABO blood groups
• The most important in assuring a safe blood
  transfusion.
• The table shows the four ABO phenotypes ("blood
  groups") present in the human population and the
  genotypes that give rise to them.

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Blood Transfusions
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood
is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV)
line in one of the blood vessels. Blood
transfusions are done to replace blood lost
during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion
also may be done if a persons body can't make
blood properly because of an illness.
Who can give you blood? People with TYPE O blood
are called Universal Donors, because they can
give blood to any blood type. People with TYPE
AB blood are called Universal Recipients, because
they can receive any blood type. Rh ? Can
receive or - Rh - ? Can only receive -
Universal Donor
Universal Recipient