Classification

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Classification

• Chapter 18 in Text

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Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)

• Scientist father of nuclear physics,
  radioactivity
• All science is either physics or stamp
  collecting

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Why Classify?

• The biosphere consists of more than 1.5 million
  animal species, and as many plant species.
• The species alive today are only a very small
  percentage of the perhaps billions of species
  which have lived on Earth since life first
  evolved over 3.5 billion years ago.
• Over 75 of the described extant species belong
  to the Phylum Arthropoda, which includes such
  diverse organisms as lobsters, barnacles, crabs,
  scorpions, shrimp, spiders, mites, millipedes,
  and insects. The insects are by far the most
  abundant arthropods.
• To study this many organisms, biologists need to
  have a standard, logical method of naming and
  grouping organisms.

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Taxonomy

• Taxonomy (Gr. taxis, "arrangement, order", nomos,
  "law") is the science, laws, or principles of
  classification (Latin, classis, "a class",
  facere, "to make").NOT
• Taxidermy - the art of preparing and preserving
  the skins of animals and of stuffing and mounting
  them in lifelike form (taxis, (see above),
  dermis, skin).

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• Rainbow Trout
• Oncorhynchus mykiss

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• Oryx (Gemsbok)
• Oryx gazella

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How to Sort

• Group by similarities and differences in physical
  characteristics
• Group by lines of evolutionary descent,
  similarities in fossil record.
• Group by similarities in embryological
  development
• Group by genetic similarities and differences

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Carl Linnaeus

• Swedish 1707-1778
• Father of modern taxonomy
• Naming system binomial nomenclature

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Linnaeuss System

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Binomial Nomenclature

• Linnaeus, 1700s
• 2 part scientific name
• Genus and species
• Homo sapiens Panthera leo
• Oryx gazella

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Dichotomous Key

• Method of classification by differences in
  physical characteristics
• Look at pages 462-463 in text

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How to Sort Again!

• Group by similarities and differences in physical
  characteristics. (Shark)

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Which name followed the instructions?

• Teddy
• Jmizzle
• Octocorn

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How to Sort Again!

• Group by similarities in embryological
  development

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How to Sort Again!

• Group by lines of evolutionary descent,
  similarities in fossil record.

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How to Sort Again!

• Group by genetic similarities and differences