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Parts of Speech

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Parts of Speech 8 Parts of Speech Noun-names Pronoun-replaces names Verb-states action or being Adjective-describes nouns or pronouns Adverb-describes or limits verbs ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Parts of Speech


1
Parts of Speech
2
8 Parts of Speech
  • Noun-names
  • Pronoun-replaces names
  • Verb-states action or being
  • Adjective-describes nouns or pronouns
  • Adverb-describes or limits verbs, adjectives or
    other adverbs
  • Preposition-relates
  • Conjunction-connects
  • Interjection-expresses strong feeling!

3
Nouns--- people, place, thing, idea
  • Types
  • Common-non specific names
  • man, church, country
  • Proper-specific names
  • Jim, The Arch, Chicago
  • always capitalized
  • Compound-includes more than 1 word
  • Separate words---living room
  • Hyphenated words---break-in twenty-one
  • Combined words---birdhouse, flashlight
  • Collective-represents a group
  • class, family, team, choir, jury

4
Types of Pronouns
  • Personal---I, me, my, you, our, we, they
  • Reflexive---end in self (myself, herself,
    themselves) NOT hisself or themself
  • Indefinite---refer to unnamed people, places,
    ideas (see pg. 33 for the list)
  • Demonstrative---this, that, these, those but only
    when used by themselves.
  • NOTThis book is lost. This is cold.
  • (adjective) (pronoun)
  • Interrogative---ask questions. Who, what, which,
    whom, whose
  • Relative---who, whom, whose, that, which

5
Pronouns
  • Pronouns take the place of nouns
  • Must agree in gender and number with the noun to
    which it refers

6
Antecedent
  • This is noun that the pronoun is taking the place
    of.
  • Justin said he couldnt go to the game.
  • (antecedent) (pronoun)
  • Alan caught the ball and threw it to first base.
    (antecedent) (pronoun)

7
Pronouns as Antecedents
  • Some pronouns are always singular no matter what
    object of the preposition is. (see pg 225)
  • Always singular pronouns should have a singular
    antecedent and verb.
  • Singular pronouns as the subject of the sentence
  • One of the girls left (her/their) purse on the
    table.
  • What is the subject of the sentence? What is
    correct pronoun choice?

8
Always Plural Pronouns
  • Both, few, many and several are always plural.
  • Few of my neighbors have their own garage.

9
Singular or Plural Pronouns
  • These are TRICKY
  • All, any, most, none, or some
  • In order to determine what word the pronoun must
    agree with, you have to look at the object of the
    preposition.
  • Most of the performers played their own music.
  • None of the class has its homework.
  • None of the students have their homework.

10
Who and Whom (8min)
  • Who is nominative pronoun
  • Subject or Predicate Nominative
  • Whom is objective pronoun
  • Object of preposition, DO, IO
  • TEST If you can replace the whom with the word
    him and the sentence makes sense, then the
    correct pronoun use is whom.
  • I gave the book to whom?To whom did I give the
    book? HIM

11
Special Problems with Pronouns
  • Who and whom
  • Who nominative
  • Whom objective
  • Elliptical clauses
  • omission. Finish the clause to see how the
    pronoun is being used.

12
Verbs Verb Phrases
  • Verbs can be action, linking, or helping
  • Action verbs tell the action the subject is
    doing.
  • Example The man walked to the store.
  • Linking verbs are used when the subject is being
    described. They are state of being verbs
  • Example The dinner was cold.
  • Was is the linking verb to connect dinner and
    cold.

13
  • Helping verbs are used to create a verb phrase.
  • Example The snowflakes were falling on the
    ground.
  • Were is the helping verb that is used with
    falling to create the verb phrase were falling

14
Adjectives
  • Describe nouns and pronouns
  • Answers the questions which ones, how many, what
    kind
  • If two are used in succession, they are separated
    by a comma
  • The large, furry rabbit ate the green, leafy
    lettuce
  • Sometimes, adjectives can really be nouns or
    pronouns
  • Her article appeared in the school newspaper.
  • Her article for school appeared in the newspaper.
  • This is very interesting.
  • This book is very interesting.

15
Adverbs
  • Describe or limit verbs, adjectives, or other
    adverbs
  • Often (but not always) end in ly
  • Answers the questions when, where, how, to what
    extent
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