Review for Exam: Unit One AP World History

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Review for Exam Unit OneAP World History

• Mrs. Mills

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Bell ringer

• 1) Despite the major differences, Christianity,
  Hinduism, and Buddhism all emphasized
• A) a strong priesthood
• B) clearly organized church structures
• C) Hostility to worship of religious images
• D) Life after Death
• E) mixing political and religious institutions
• 2) Civilizations developed independently from the
  three classical civilizations in
• A) northeast Africa
• B) Japan
• C) the Americas
• D) Korea
• E) northern Europe

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Themes of the THREE civilizations

• China, India, and Mediterranean Region
• Basic themes of the classical period expansion
  and integration
• integrate - Definition
• To make into a whole by bringing all parts
  together unify.
• INTEGRATION Growing/Expanding yet pulling
  together by more than just name
• India used religion to integrate and cement
  people
• China emphasized centralization especially in
  politics
• Rome emphasizes politics and culture like never
  before, offered citizenship to elites, and a
  tight trade network among grain growing regions

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Social Integration FAIL

• All three classical civilizations fostered great
  inequalities' between men and women AND between
  upper and lower class.
• India Caste System
• China Confucian sense of hierarchy
• Mediterranean slavery
• ASSUMPTION OF INEQULAITY AS NORMAL IS COMMON IN
  ALL THREE SOCIETIES
• Buddha exception to inequalities he opposes

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Classical World Declines

• Integration and expansion faltered between 200
  and 500 CE.

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Whats going on outside of the big three?

• AFRICA
• Kush and Axum- active areas 1000 to 300 BCE
• Ethiopians take over 300 BCE
• Ethiopia has strong contacts with eastern
  Mediterranean even after the fall
• Ethiopia has oldest continuous monarchy- actually
  flourished until 20th century
• For most of Africa below Sahara major development
  up to 500 BCE is spread of agriculture and
  development of well organized villages- must like
  we still see in Africa today

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Whats going on outside of the big three? JAPAN

• Year 200 CE
• Established extensive agriculture
• Regional political organization based on tribal
  chiefs evolved
• Each tribal group has its own god, thought of as
  an ancestor
• Ironworking skipped bronze age and went directly
  to iron
• Shintoism religion of worshipping political
  rulers and spirits of nature i.e. god of rice

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Whats going on outside of the big three? Olmec
Culture

• CENTRAL AMERICA
• 800-400 BCE
• Indian group called the Olmecs
• Lacked writing but produced massive pyramid
  shaped religious monuments
• Scientific research produced calendars
• Disappeared without a clear trace in 400 BCE
  however, their successors developed Teotihuacan
  which was the first great city in the Americas.(
  Became center of trade and worship)
• From the base of this culture we see the
  development of the MAYA from 400 CE onward.

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Decline in China

• Combination of internal weaknesses and invasion
• 100 CE China- Han dynasty in decline Huns
  (central Asian nomadic group) invaded,
  politically central govt control has diminished,
  bureaucrats becoming more corrupt, many lose
  land, social unrest increases, Confucian
  intellectuals less creative and Daoists gains
  appeal
• Daoist leaders Yellow Turbans promised golden
  age to be brought about by divine magic
• Another problem epidemics
• Cultural unity threatened as Buddhism spreads
  throughout China
• HOWEVER, China does revive itself near the end of
  the 6th century
• Sui then Tang dynasties- Tang revives
  Confucianism and bureacratic system
• Many Hun invaders ultimately assimilate and
  become a part of Chinese culture

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Decline in India

• 500 CE- Hun invaders destroy Gupta empire in
  central India
• Many invaders integrate into warrior caste,
  forming a new ruling group of regional princes
  (Rajput)
• Indian culture continues to evolve- Buddhism
  declines further and Hinduism gains ground
• 600 CE- New invaders- Arab Armies fighting under
  the banner of Allah. Islam
• Greatly weakens IndiaHinduism and the caste
  system still survive

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Decline of Rome

• Roman Empire exhibits great many symptoms of
  decay after about 180 CE.
• Population declining- poverty and depression
• Political confusion leads to weak rulers
• Plagues also sweep the empire
• Constantine who rules from 312 to 337, attempts
  to reunite Rome under Christianity- Eastern Rome
  and Constantinople remain relatively strong,
  western Rome does not
• Germanic invaders ultimately put an end to the
  once strong and thriving empire around 476 CE.

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Results of the Declines

• The New religious Map- period of decline saw a
  rapid expansion of Buddhism and Christianity
• The major religions Hinduism in India, Buddhism
  in east and Southeast Asia, Daoism in China,
  Christianity in Europe and parts of the
  Mediterranean, and ultimately Islam

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The World Around 500 BCE

• Societies in China, India, and the Mediterranean
  were trying to revive or rework their old
  institutions and values
• New religious map is forming and spreading
• Increased skill in agriculture and new contacts
  prepare other parts of the world for new
  developments, and THUS, the three centers of
  civilization of the CLASSICAL PERIOD would not
  dominate to the extent they once did

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Directions

• In your groups, you are going to pass some review
  materials around. Each group has five of each
  article, I will switch materials.
• The reason this will really help? This is a more
  modern perspective and writing based on ancient
  events. It may help clarify the material.
• You will use the graphic organizer to help you
  organize the information.

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Important Dates

• prehistory- 2.5 million 1000 BCE
• Development of agriculture 9000-5000 BCE
• Neolithic Village- Catal Huyuk 7000 BCE Southern
  Turkey
• Mesopotamia develops 3500 BCE- Sumer, Babylon,
  Assyria
• Egyptian civilization- 3000 BCE
• Indus River Valley- MohenjoDaro 2500 BCE

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Important Dates

• The Classical Period 1000 BCE-500 CE