CLONING 101 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 16
About This Presentation
Title:

CLONING 101

Description:

CLONING 101 cloning is the creation of an organism that is the EXACT genetic copy of another Identical twins are natural clones Cloning can be done artificially in a ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:290
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 17
Provided by: Bog118
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: CLONING 101


1
CLONING 101
2
  • cloning is the creation of an organism that is
    the EXACT genetic copy of another
  • Identical twins are natural clones
  • Cloning can be done artificially in a laboratory
    by one of two ways
  • Artificial embryo twinning
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)

3
1. Artificial Embryo Twinning
  • done in a Petri dish
  • Occurs just after fertilization
  • Sperm fertilizes egg, forms the one-cell zygote
  • When zygote goes to divide into two cells, the
    cells split from one another
  • Each cell divides and matures on its own,
    becoming individual twin embryos
  • The embryos are genetically identical

4
  • Done after IVF (in vitro fertilization)
  • the egg is fertilized by the sperm directly in
    the Petri dish
  • the cells of a very early embryo are split from
    one another manually, so they can continue to
    divide and mature on their own
  • the embryos are then placed in a surrogate
    mother.

5
2. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
  • (AKA How Dolly Was Created)
  • There are two types of cells in the body
  • somatic (46 chromosomes, all except gametes)
  • germ cells (23 chromosomes, egg and sperm)
  • http//learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/clonin
    g/clickandclone/

6
  • STEPS
  • isolate somatic cell
  • remove its nucleus (genetic info)
  • transfer nucleus to an egg that has had its own
    nucleus removed.
  • implant in surrogate mother
  • resulting organism is an exact clone of that
    which donated the somatic cell nucleus.

7
Why clone?
  • animal models of (human) disease
  • stem cells for research
  • pharming large populations of genetically
    engineered animals to produce drugs
  • revive endangered/extinct species
  • reproduce deceased pets
  • yup, you can bring Fluffy back
  • any reason to clone humans?
  • help infertile couples have children?
  • replace a diseased child?
  • make a perfect donor?

8
Risks of Cloning
  • high failure rate
  • success rate 0.1-3
  • problems later in development
  • blood flow and breathing problems
  • telomeric differences (chromosome ends shorten as
    we age) leading to premature aging
  • abnormal gene expression

9
  • clones will not necessarily look alike, nor will
    they act alike!!!

10
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdzJx2dl8MA8

11
(No Transcript)
12
Two Types of Cloning1. Reproductive Cloning
  • creates an organism with the same genetic
    material (DNA) as the original organism an
    EXACT COPY of the donor


13
  • NOT LEGAL (for humans!!!!)

14
2. Therapeutic cloning
  • used to produce tissue that is identical to the
    donor, to prevent rejection

15
ISSUES
  • So...
  • ethical moral outcomes?
  • legal how should this be regulated?
  • social how will this affect society?
  • Questions to ask yourself
  • what are the risks/benefits?
  • whom will this hurt/help?
  • what does this mean for me and my family? others?

16
  • Do the benefits of cloning outweigh the costs in
    regards to the uniqueness of human beings?
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com