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Absolute%20Monarchs

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Title: Absolute%20Monarchs


1
Absolute Monarchs
  • In the Age of Absolutism

2
Definitions
  • Absolute Monarchy Form of government in which
    one person, usually a King or Queen holds all the
    power without constitutional checks
  • Devine Right The belief that Monarchs get their
    right to rule from God.

3
Philip II of Spain
  • Son of Charles V
  • Dutch Revolt
  • Four Wives
  • Spanish Armada 1588
  • Armada is disaster
  • Philip Vs. Elizabeth I
  • Economic problems (costly wars and expulsion of
    Jews Muslims) lead to decline

4
FRANCE
  • 1560s-1590s Religious conflict between
    Catholics French protestants called Huguenots.
    Ended with Edict of Nantes granted Huguenots
    religious tolerance.
  • Cardinal Richelieu strengthened central
    government in France built relationship between
    Catholic Church and King.

5
Louis XIV of France
  • Inherits throne at age 5
  • Reigns for 72 years
  • Known as the Sun King
  • Built Versailles
  • Spared no expense
  • Economy dwindles
  • Revoked Edict of Nantes
  • Defines Absolute Monarch
  • I am the state.

6
Versailles
7
Elizabeth I of England
  • Daughter of Henry VIII
  • Called the Virgin Queen
  • Unmarried and childless
  • Ruled England during The Golden Age
  • Victory in Spanish Armada
  • Expanded Protestantism

8
England
  • James I takes over after Elizabeth
  • He believes in divine right and Kings claim to
    absolute power.
  • Parliament fought with him over it.
  • Charles I son of James, continues the course.
  • Imprisoned without trial (Checkpoint ?)
  • Dissolved parliament.

9
The Long Parliament 1640-1653
  • Declared parliament could not be destroyed
    without its own consent.
  • Result was Civil War 1642-1651
  • Charles I supporters Cavilers
  • Parliament supporters Roundheads, their leader
    was Oliver Cromwell (Checkpoint ?)

10
Englands Civil War
  • Roundheads win.
  • King Charles I is executed. (Checkpoint ?)
  • English Republic established called, The
    Commonwealth
  • Cromwell becomes a virtual dictator.
  • He persecutes Catholics

11
Return of the Monarchy
  • The Commonwealth dies with Cromwell
  • Englands kingless decade ended with the return
    of Charles II to the monarchy.
  • James II inherited the crown from his brother in
    1685.
  • Fears of James IIs Catholic ties forced
    Parliament to invite William and Mary (James
    daughter) to take the crown in 1688. (Checkpoint
    ?)

12
Glorious Revolution
  • When William and Mary were made joint sovereigns
    (1689), they agreed to an English Bill of Rights,
    which opened the road to constitutional monarchy.

13
Thirty Years War
  • Series of Wars brought on by religious conflicts
    of the Protestant Reformation.
  • Peace and land distribution was established in
    the Treaty of Westphalia.

14
AUSTRIA
  • After 30yrs. War ( actually a series of wars
    throughout Europe ) German lands were divided in
    what once was The Holy Roman Empire
  • The land of the Hapsburgs had never developed a
    centralized government.
  • The first to strike was Frederick II of Prussia.
    That sparked the 8 year War of Austrian
    Succession.

15
Maria Theresa of Austria
  • Preserved the Austrian Empire when she came to
    rule at 56 years old.
  • Famous children
  • Joseph II, Leopold, Marie Antoinette.
  • Vienna became a center for arts and music
  • Reforms
  • Educational
  • Torture abolished

16
Seven Years War
  • The Seven Years' War was a conflict that pitted
    Britain and Prussia against Austria, France,
    Russia, and Spain. It was an extension of the War
    of Austria.
  • During this time, Britain and France continued
    their long struggle for naval and colonial
    supremacy.

17
Prussia
  • After the Peace of Westphalia, Hohenzollern
    rulers formed a Protestant region called Prussia
    in Northern Germany.
  • Frederick I Prussian leader that had loyalty of
    Prussian nobles called Junkers.
  • He stressed militarism.

18
Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia
  • Personal interest in music and the arts
  • Military emphasis
  • Makes Prussia a great power
  • Doubles area of country
  • War with Austria
  • Enlightened Reforms
  • Religious tolerance
  • Freedom of Press

19
Peter the Great of Russia
  • Traveled to Europe to study ways of West
  • Westernized Russia
  • Strengthened military
  • Rebels were tortured and executed
  • Expanded borders
  • Baltic Sea port
  • Develops St. Petersburg
  • Window to the West

20
Peters relationship with landowners.
  • Boyars (Russias landowning nobles) were forced
    to shave beards and wear Western clothing.
  • Peter allowed them to keep land and their serfs /
    slaves.
  • Encouraged Russian exports, and set up trade
    companies and water routes with canals.

21
Catherine the Great of Russia
  • Came to power after the murder of her mentally
    unstable husband in 1762.
  • Encouraged education.
  • More peasants were forced into serfdom.
  • Acquired warm-water port at the Black Sea.
  • (which Peter couldnt do)

22
Partition of Poland
  • Between 1772 and 1795 the rulers of Austria,
    Russia, and Prussia agreed to split Poland
    amongst themselves.
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