19.1

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19.1 Europeans Explore the East
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Exploration Expansion

• Reasons for exploration
• Riches new sources of wealth
• Spread Christianity
• Spurred by advances in sailing technology
• New Market Spices luxury goods from Asia
• Demand greater than supply high prices high
  profits
• Trade controlled by Italians Muslims high
  prices for Europe
• Look for ways to bypass these two

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Expansion (cont.)

• The Crusades created hostility between Muslims
  Christians
• Hope to Christianize Asia directly obtain goods
• God, glory, gold
• 1400s Caravel invented
• Sturdier, triangle sails sail against the wind
• Navigation
• Astrolabe (Muslims) track latitude
• Magnetic Compass (China) track direction

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Portugal

• Leaders in sailing innovation
• Strong government support
• First to set-up trading posts in Africa
• Prince Henry (The Navigator)
• Founds a navigation school to perfect expand
  exploration
• 1460 Henry dies, but begins European trade w/
  Africa
• Gold, ivory, eventually slaves
• Starting blocks for reaching Asian markets

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To Asia

• Goal To reach Asia
• Best route sail around the tip of Africa
• 1488 Bartolomeu Dias reaches to tip of Africa
• Has to turn back
• 1497 Vasco da Gama explores east coast of Africa
• 1498 reaches the Indian port of Calicut
• Opens a lucrative trade route to Asia for Portugal

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Spain

• Envious of Portugals advancements
• 1492 Christopher Columbus sails to find a route
  to Asia across the Atlantic
• Reaches the Caribbean opens up colonization of
  the Americas
• Believed he had reached the East Indies
• Ferdinand Magellan sails around the world
• 1521 Claims the Philippines for Spain

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Magellans Voyage
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Spain v. Portugal

• Columbus voyage leads to tensions between Spain
  Portugal
• Spain claiming Portuguese lands???
• 1493 Pope Alexander VI negotiates a peace Line
  of Demarcation
• West (Spain)/East (Portugal)
• Runs through middle of Brazil
• 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
• Agree to honor the line

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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Portugals Trading Empire

• Da Gamas voyage Indian Ocean trade empire
• Take control of spice trade from Muslims
• Break the Muslim-Italian dominated Eastern trade
• Gain control of vital trading ports/areas
• 1510 capture Goa (becomes trade capital)
• 1511 Control the Strait of Malacca
• 1514 Control the Straits of Hormuz

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Dutch

• The Netherlands Small nation in NW Europe
• 1600 Largest fleet in the world (20K ships)
• Threaten Portuguese trade
• Slowing take over trade
• Form the Dutch East India Company directs trade
  to Asia
• Take the Strait of Malacca from the Portuguese
• Gain control of Indonesia the Cape of Good Hope
  (Tip of Africa)

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British French

• Britain fought w/ the Dutch to open eastern trade
• Create the English East India Company
• 1700 Britain France gain a foothold
• British trade from India flourishes
• France struggles to gain much profit v.
  competition