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Protists and Fungi

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Title: Protists and Fungi


1
Protists and Fungi
  • By Mr. Hunter

2
Protists
3
What do all protozoa have in common?
  • Eukaryotic
  • Range from single to multi-cellular
  • Highly diverse
  • Do not have specialized tissues for functions

4
What do all protists have in common?
  • Use many methods of getting food (some even use
    photosynthesis some are heterotrophs some are
    parasites)
  • Reproduce sexually (conjugation) and asexually
    (binary fission)

5
Sexual Reproduction of Paramecium
6
Classification of Protists
  • Heterotrophs that can move
  • Heterotrophs that cannot move
  • Producers

7
Protist Producers- Algae
  • Algae make food through photosynthesis.
  • Examples seaweed, phytoplankton

8
Seaweed Phytoplankton
9
Type of Algae Size Location How does the algae get its food?



10
Describe
  • Diatoms
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Euglenoids

11
Heterotrophs that can move
  • Amoeba
  • Zooflagellates
  • Ciliates

12
Amoeba
13
Amoebic Dysentery
  • Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by a
    one-celled parasite called Entamoeba histolytica,
    which causes both intestinal and extraintestinal
    infections.Two species of Entamoeba are
    morphologically indistinguishable Entamoeba
    histolytica is pathogenic and Entamoeba dispar
    harmlessly colonizes the colon. Amoebas adhere to
    and kill the cells of the colon and cause
    dysentery with blood and mucus in the
    stool.Amoebas also secrete substances called
    proteases that degrade lining of the colon and
    permit invasion into the bowel wall and beyond.
    Amoebas can spread via the circulation to the
    liver and cause liver abscesses. The infection
    may spread further by direct extension from the
    liver or through the bloodstream to the lungs,
    brain, and other organs.

14
Mild early symptoms
  • Weight loss
  • Anaemia
  • Indigestion
  • Intermittent diarrhoea with foul-smellingstool
    that may be preceded by constipation.
    Dehydration Blood and mucus in the stool. Gas
    and Abdominal Bloating Abdominal cramps and
    tenderness Fever Fatigue Chills

15
Zooflagellates
  • Giardia Lamblia
  • Termite Gut (Mutualism)

16
Heterotrophs that CANT move
  • Spore-forming protists
  • Complicated life cycles that involve two or more
    hosts
  • Ex. Malaria

17
Malaria
  • 500 million people contract malaria each year and
    2.7 million people die from it each year.
  • Infection with malaria parasites may result in a
    wide variety of symptoms, ranging from absent or
    very mild symptoms to severe disease and even
    death.

18
The classical (but rarely observed) malaria
attack lasts 6-10 hours. It consists of
  • a cold stage (sensation of cold, shivering)
  • a hot stage (fever, headaches, vomiting seizures
    in young children)
  • and finally a sweating stage (sweats, return to
    normal temperature, tiredness)

19
Symptoms
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Sweats
  • Headaches
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Body aches
  • General malaise.

20
Water Molds
  • Water molds live in water, soil or other
    organisms
  • Decomposers and parasites

21
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22
Slime molds
  • Only move at certain times during their life
    cycles
  • Use pseudopodia to move and to eat bacteria and
    yeast
  • Spores- reproductive cells covered by a thick wall

23
Slime Mold In An Aquarium
24
Slime Mold
25
  • Heterotroph Spore-forming protists
  • Parasite Water molds
  • Host Slime molds
  • Red Algae
  • Green Algae
  • Brown Algae
  • Phytoplankton
  • Diatoms
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Euglenoids
  • Amoebas
  • Psuedopodia
  • Zooflagellates
  • Ciliates

26
The World Without Fungi
  • No leavened bread
  • No penicillin
  • No blue cheese
  • No mushrooms
  • Collections of dead organic matter
  • No soy sauce
  • No beer
  • No athletes feet

27
What are characteristics of fungi?
  • Eukaryotic
  • Heterotrophs
  • Rigid cell walls
  • Diverse shapes, methods of obtaining food
  • Various modes of reproduction

28
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29
Hyphae
  • Long, nonreproductive filaments

30
Mycelium
  • The mass of fungal filaments, or hyphae, that
    forms the body of a fungus

31
Asexual Reproduction in Fungus
  • Hyphae break apart and each new piece becomes a
    fungus
  • Spore formation
  • Spores are small reproductive cells that are
    protected by a thick cell wall that grow into a
    new fungus.

32
Sexual Reproduction in Fungi
  • Special structures form to make sex cells that
    join to produce sexual spores that grow into a
    new fungus.

33
Shape Sex. Or Asex.? Description Details Drawing
Threadlike
Sac
Club
Imperfect
34
Threadlike
  • Fuzzy (mold)
  • Asexually sporangia break open and release
    spores into the air
  • Sexually hyphae join up
  • Details parasites, live in the soil, decomposers

35
Threadlike Fungi
  • The mold of the genus Pilobolus grows on animal
    manure.
  • This mold produces little sacs of spores on top
    of stalked structures that swell, and sacs are
    shot up 8 meters into the air!!!

36
Threadlike fungi
  • Their spores adhere to grass and leaves.
  • Animals eat the leaves, the spores pass through
    their digestive tracts, and end up in dung where
    the spores germinate.

37
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38
Bread Box Nightmares
  • White bread
  • Wheat bread
  • 20 drops of water
  • 20 drops of sugar water
  • 20 drops of lemon juice

39
Match up the words correctly and use each pair in
an accurate sentence.
  • Threadlike fungi
  • Sac fungi
  • Club fungi
  • Ascus
  • Gills
  • Sporangia

40
Intriguing Fungi
  • Mushrooms consist mostly of water.
  • Shiitake mushrooms were thought to promote good
    health by the people of ancient China.
  • They were correct since these mushrooms are rich
    in Fe, P, Ca and protein.

41
Shiitake Mushrooms
42
Worlds Largest Fungus?
  • A fungus that covered an area of 4 square
    kilometers and weighed nearly 1,000 tons that is
    1,000 years old was found in Seattle, Washington!

43
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
44
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Bread, beer, wine
  • Genetic manipulation
  • Molecular and cellular biology experiments

45
Fungi
  • Fungi are the major cause of plant diseases.
  • At least 5,000 kinds of fungi attack crops,
    garden plants, and wild plants.
  • Ringworm

46
Ringworm
47
Lichens
  • Lichen a combination of a fungus and an alga
    that grow together in a mutualistic relationship
  • How is this relationship mutualistic?
  • How are lichens important?
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