Key Terms

1
Key Terms

• Pharaohs- Acted as God on Earth and the Egyptian
  ruler
• Theocracy- Government run by Religious Leaders
• Pyramid- Tomb for the Pharaoh to rule in the
  afterlife
• Mummification- Process of preserving the dead
• Hieroglyphics- Egyptian system of writing
• Papyrus- Egyptian form of paper

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Warm Up

• Describe how Hammurabis code influenced todays
  society.

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Ancient Egypt
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Geography of Egypt
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Geography of Egypt

• Settlements arose along the Nile River
• Annual flooding in July caused by rain and
  melting snow in mountains
• Left rich soil called silt
• Peasants would prepare fields before sun dried
  out soil
• Watered crops through irrigation ditches

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Environmental Challenges

• If Nile floodwaters were lower than normal,
  amount of silt to grow crops was reduced,
  starving people
• If Nile floodwaters were too high, water would
  destroy homes and farms
• Deserts natural barriers, limiting interaction
  with other civilizations

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Advanced Cities

• Narmer united lower and upper kingdoms around
  3000 B.C.
• Capital city of Memphis where two kingdoms met
• Traded with Mesopotamia, Kush, and Nubia

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Complex Institutions

• Egyptian kings were considered gods
• Believed to as powerful as the gods of the
  heavens
• Government ruled by religious authority is called
  a theocracy
• Pharaohs responsible for sunrise, flooding of the
  Nile, and crops growing

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Pyramids

• Believed that the pharaohs ruled even after death
  through an eternal life force called the ka
• ka had needs that needed met
• Pharaohs would be placed in pyramid after death
  with great luxury

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Egyptian Religion

• Polytheistic
• Believed in an afterlife
• If you lived a pure and honest life you would
  live forever in the Other World
• Royal and elite Egyptian bodies preserved by
  mummification, or embalming and drying of corpse
  to prevent decaying

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Specialized Workers

• Social pyramid
• Social classes could change based on marriage or
  jobs
• Farmers, priests, artisans, scribes, landowners,
  peasants

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Advanced Technology

• Developed calendar with 365 days
• System of numbers
• Geometry and architecture
• Medical treatments
• - heart rates
• - splints
• - treat wounds and fever
• - surgery
• Improved trade and transportation by digging
  canal from Nile to Red Sea

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Record Keeping

• Hieroglyphics
• sacred carving
• Pictures represented sounds and ideas, like the
  alphabet
• Common language essential for Egypts growth
• Papyrus
• River plant weaved together for paper-like
  material used for writing
• Faster than carving clay tablets

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New Kingdom
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Hyksos Rule

• The Hebrews settled in Egypt during this time
• Racially similar to the Hyksos, and welcomed to
  the region
• Egyptians resented the presence of these two
  groups
• Around 1600 B.C. warlike rulers drove out the
  Hyksos

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New Kingdom

• Hyksos were pushed into Palestine
• According to Bible, Hebrews remained in Egypt and
  were enslaved until around 1500 and 1200 B.C.,
  the time of the Exodus and Moses

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Think-Pair-Share

• Most influential aspect of Ancient Egypt on
  Modern Society
• Fill in Graphic Organizer

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Reflections

1. Describe how Ancient Egypt dealt with their
   natural, environmental problems.
2. Evaluate how what happened in the New Kingdom
   relates to a modern day world issue.
3. Compare/Contrast Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
   using the Top-Hat method.