Title: EOC%20Review:%20Wars%20in%20U.S.%20History
1EOC ReviewWars in U.S. History
2French Indian War
- When? 1754-1763
- Who? British/Colonists vs. French/Indians
- Why? Imperial conflict
- Turning Points Braddock fails William Pitt
takes charge - End of War? Treaty of Paris of 1763
- Results
- France lost its N. Am. empire
- War debt for British taxation!!!
- Proclamation Line of 1763
- Colonial militias unity, military experience
(Albany Plan)
3Revolutionary War
- When? 1775-1783
- Who? British/Loyalists vs. Colonists/Patriots
- Why? Independence, taxation, salutary
neglect, land/expansion - Turning Points? Saratoga, Franco-American
alliance - End of War? Treaty of Paris of 1783
- Results
- Independence
- Articles of Confederation
4Proclamation of Neutrality
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7War of 1812
- When? 1812-1814
- President? James Madison
- Who? U.S. vs. Britain
- Why? Impressment, Indian attacks
- Turning Points? Washington, D.C. Ft.
McHenry - End of War? Treaty of Ghent Battle of
N.O. - Results
- Wave of nationalism
- Era of Good Feeling
- 2nd War for Independence
- Boosted American industry
8War of 1812
- Homefront
- Economy helped industry hurt shipping
- Women minorities Indians were weakened b/c
their British allies lost the war - Civil liberties - ???
- Media public opinion SW supported war hawks
NE opposed b/c they depended on English trade
Hartford Convention - Power of government weak failed invasion of
Canada strong Battle of N.O. led to nationalism
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10Mexican War
- When? 1846-1848
- President? James K. Polk
- Who? U.S. vs. Mexico
- Why? Manifest Destiny, Texas border disputes
- Turning Points? Bear Flag Revolt
Vera Cruz - End of War? Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo - Results
- Mexican Cession
- Manifest Destiny fulfilled
- Wilmot Proviso/Compromise of 1850
11Mexican war
- Homefront
- Economy lots of new land Homestead Act RR
construction - Women minorities Mexicans lost land
- Civil liberties Thoreau Civil Disobedience
- Media public opinion war was controversial
b/c unfair to Mexico spread slavery - Power of government Strong Manifest Destiny
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14Civil War
- When? 1861-1865
- President? Abraham Lincoln
- Who? Union (North) vs. Confederacy (South)
- Why? Slavery, states rights,tariffs election
of Lincoln Ft. Sumter - Turning Points? Gettysburg
Vicksburg Emancipation Proclamation - End of War? Lee surrenders to Grant at
Appomattox - Results
- Slavery abolished 13/14/15th Amendments
- Reconstruction of the south
- National supremacy over states
- Bloodiest war in American history
15Civil War
- Homefront
- Economy helped northern industry hurt southern
agriculture - Women minorities Af Am slavery ended/13/14/15
amendments women nurses in Red Cross - Civil liberties suspension of habeas corpus
martial law - Media public opinion Lincoln was
controversial b/c of racial issues b/c war was
long costly - Power of government Strong national supremacy
beat states rights
16Indian Wars
- When? Late 1800s
- President? Johnson through Harrison
- Who? U.S. vs. Plains Indians
- Why? Manifest Destiny, land, gold, RRs
- Turning Points? Sand Creek, Ft. Laramie, Little
Big Horn - End of War? Ghost Dance/Wounded Knee
- Results
- See next slide
17Indian Wars
- Homefront
- Economy new land Homestead Act RRs
- Women minorities Indians lost land Dawes Act
assimilation Buffalo Bills Wild West Shows
Buffalo Soldiers - Civil liberties -
- Media public opinion Century of Dishonor
U.S. had broken treaties with Indians - Power of government from sea to shining sea
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20Spanish-American War
- When? 1898
- President? William McKinley
- Who? U.S. vs. Spain
- Why? imperialism USS Maine Yellow
journalism - Turning Points? San Juan Hill,
Manila Bay - End of War? Treaty of Paris
- Results
- Short, sucessful war (splendid little war)
- Spain loses its empire
- U.S. gains an empire (Philippines, Guam, Puerto
Rico) - Platt Amendment (Cuba)
21Spanish-American War
- Homefront
- Economy empire was a boost to trade
- Women minorities annexed citizens didnt have
full rights (i.e. Filipinos) - Civil liberties - ???
- Media public opinion splendid little war
yellow journalism popular war - Power of government strong b/c we won war
quickly
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24World War I
- When? 1914-1918
- President? Woodrow Wilson
- Who? Allied Powers vs. Central
Powers - Why? Assassination of F.F. submarine
warfare - Why US involvement? Zimmerman Note
- Turning Points? Trenches stalemate
Russian Revolution - End of War? Armistice Treaty of Versailles
- Results
- U.S. returns to isolationism, fails to join
League of Nations - Red Scare in U.S./nativism
- Wartime regulations/Return to Normalcy
- Germany war guilt reparations
25World War I
- Homefront
- Economy boosted b/c of war prodn shortages of
food victory gardens, farmer profits - Women minorities women in factories 19th
amendment segregated armed forces - Civil liberties Espionage and Sedition Act
Schenck v. US - Media public opinion pro-war propaganda
neutrality changed to involvement - Power of government strong for war economy
weak b/c Wilsons League of Nations failed
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28World War II
- When? 1939-1945
- President? F.D.R. Harry S. Truman
- Who? Axis Powers vs. Allied Powers
- Why? Military aggression appeasement
Lend-Lease Pearl Harbor - Turning Points? Stalingrad,
D-Day, Midway - End of War? Fall of Berlin (VE Day) Atomic bombs
(VJ Day) - Results
- Holocaust
- Creation of United Nations
- Cold War U.S. vs. Soviet Union
29World War II
- Homefront
- Economy pulled US out of depression rationing
GI Bill to aid veterans - Women minorities Rosie the Riveter Japanese
American internment - Civil liberties Four Freedoms speech
- Media public opinion Pearl Harbor changed
public opinion in favor of war - Power of government draft war prodn board
atomic bomb
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32Korean War
- When? 1950-1953
- President? Harry S. Truman, Dwight D.
Eisenhower - Who? U.S. S. Korea vs. China N.
Korea - Why? 38th Parallel, N. Korea invaded S.
Korea - Turning Points? U.N. invasion, Chinese
invasion - End of War? 38th Parallel
- Results
- Containment of communism
- Limited war
- Civilian control over military (MacArthur fired)
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34Cold War
- Homefront
- Economy fallout shelters duck and cover Taft
Hartley Act - Women minorities nativism
- Civil liberties spies (Hiss Rosenbergs)
McCarthyism/Red Scare - Media public opinion Hollywood blacklist
- Power of government space race nukes NASA
National Defense Education Act CIA
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37Vietnam War
- When? 1965-1975
- President? L.B.J., Richard Nixon
- Who? U.S. S. Vietnam vs. N. Vietnam
Vietcong - Why? Domino Theory Gulf of Tonkin
- Turning Points? Tet Offensive, Pentagon
Papers, Vietnamization - End of War? U.S. withdraws, South falls
- Results
- 26th Amendment
- War Powers Act
- Distrust of government/Social unrest
38Vietnam War
- Homefront
- Economy undermined LBJs Great Society
stagflation - Women minorities Civil rights black
power/New Left - Civil liberties Kent State shootings
- Media public opinion Pentagon Papers
plumbers Watergate antiwar movement My Lai
massacre 1968 Dem. Convention - Power of government draft 26th Amendment
blank check War Powers Act
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41Grenada
- When? 1983
- President? Ronald Reagan
- Who? US vs. Grenadan Communists/Cuba
- Why? Communist overthrow of Grenadan
govt - Turning Points? n/a
- End of War? Communists eliminated
- Results
- Vast US military superiority
- Short, controlled war no more Vietnams
42Panama
- When? 1989
- President? George HW Bush
- Who? US vs. Panamaian military
- Why? Noriega unfriendly dictator
drugs - Turning Points? n/a
- End of War? Noriega imprisoned
- Results
- Short, controlled war no more Vietnams
- New Panamanian govt friendly to US
- 1999 canal handed over to Panama
43Persian Gulf War
- When? 1991
- President? George H.W. Bush
- Who? U.N. vs. Iraq
- Why? Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
- Turning Points? n/a
- End of War? Kuwait liberated
- Results
- Lopsided war Exorcising the ghosts of Vietnam
- Saddam left in power
- Weapons inspections
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46Bosnian War
- When? 1995
- President? Bill Clinton
- Who? N.A.T.O. vs. Bosnian Serbs
- Why? Human rights
- Turning Points? n/a
- End of War? Dayton Peace Agreement
- Results
- Continuation of human rights policy
- U.S. involvement limited to air campaign no more
Vietnams
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49Somalia
- When? 1993
- President? Bill Clinton
- Who? U.S. vs. Somalian warlords
- Why? Human rights
- Turning Points? Black Hawk Down
- End of War? U.S. withdraws
troops - Results
- Continuation of human rights policy
- Reluctance to involve military in protracted
peacekeeping efforts in Africa - U.S. did little to stop Rwandan genocide
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52Afghanistan
- When? 2001
- President? George W. Bush, Barack Obama
- Who? U.S. vs. Taliban/Al-Qaeda
- Why? 9/11 attacks
- Turning Points? ???
- End of War? Withdrawal planned for
2014 - Results
- Longest American war (13 years) waning public
support - Overthrow of Taliban, disruption of Al-Qaeda
- bin Laden killed, 2011
- Reconstruction of Afghanistan
53War on Terror
- Homefront
- Economy 9/11 hurt economy national debt
increased - Women minorities Arab Americans Muslims
discrimination - Civil liberties PATRIOT Act NDAA Homeland
Security drones/UAVs kill lists airport
security waterboarding Guantanamo Bay - Media public opinion threat level internet
news waning public support atrocities undermine
support for war - Power of government vastly increased (see civil
liberties)
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56Iraq War
- When? 2003-2011
- President? Bush, Obama
- Who? U.S./U.K. vs. Iraq
- Why? Human rights, terrorism, suspected WMDs
- Turning Points? n/a
- End of War? Capture of Baghdad, arrest of Saddam
- Results
- Overthrow of Saddam
- Failure to find WMDs
- Iraqi insurgency
- Increasingly unpopular war
57Libyan Civil War
- When?
2011 - President? Barack Obama
- Who? NATO/Libyan Rebels vs. Gaddafi
- Why? Human rights, dictatorship
- Turning Points? n/a
- End of War? Rebel victory, Gaddafi dead
- Results
- Multilateral cooperation
- No US soldiers killed
- ???
58Wars in American History
War Dates Pres-ident Combat-ants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
French Indian War 1757-1763 n/a
American Revolution 1775-1783 n/a
Quasi War 1798-1800
59Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
Barbary Wars 1801-1815
War of 1812 1812-1815
Mexican War 1846-1848
Civil War 1861-1865
60Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
Western Indian Wars Late 1800s
Spanish-American War 1898
World War I 1914-1918
61Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
World War II 1939-1945
Korean War 1950-1953
Vietnam War 1965-1975
62Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
Invasion of Grenada 1983
Invasion of Panama 1989
Persian Gulf War 1991
Bosnian War 1992-1996
Somalian Civil War 1992-1995
63Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
War on Terror Afghan War 2001-????
Iraq War 2003-2011