Step Up To: Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

1
Step Up To Psychologyby John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• From Myers,
• Psychology 8e
• Worth Publishers

2
Chapter 6 Perception
That looks funny!
Get Organized!
Whats it mean?
Pay Attention!
This and That
3
Pay Attention!
500
400
300
200
100
4
Get Organized
500
400
300
200
100
5
That Looks Funny!
500
400
300
200
100
6
Whats it mean?
500
400
300
200
100
7
This and That
500
400
300
200
100
8
1. Our inability to consciously perceive all the
sensory information available to us at any single
point in time best illustrates the necessity of

• A) perceptual constancy.
• B) selective attention.
• C) perceptual adaptation.
• D) retinal disparity.

9
2. While a student provided directions to a
construction worker, two experimenters rudely
interrupted by passing between them carrying a
door. The students failure to notice the worker
was replaced by a different person illustrates

• A) retinal disparity.
• B) visual capture.
• C) change blindness.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

10
3. When the soundtrack for a movie is played in
the back of a classroom, students tend to
perceive the sound as originating from the
picture screen in front of the room. This best
illustrates

• A) visual capture.
• B) location constancy.
• C) the phi phenomenon.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

11
4. Participants in an experiment were told to
listen to and repeat a prose passage played in
one ear, while a novel tune was played in their
other ear. The results of this experiment
indicated that they

• A) suffered a sense of discomfort.
• B) were able to identify exactly which tune had
  been played.
• C) produced an increasing level of alpha waves
  while exposed to music.
• D) showed in increase in their liking for the
  novel tune.

12
5. Because she was listening to the news on the
radio, Mrs. Schulte didnt perceive a word of
what her husband was saying. Her experience best
illustrates

• A) perceptual adaptation.
• B) the cocktail party effect.
• C) perceptual constancy.
• D) the phi phenomenon.

13
6. The Müller-Lyer illusion involves the
misperception of

• A) figure-ground relationships.
• B) relative clarity.
• C) binocular distance cues.
• D) the length of lines.

14
7. When there is a conflict between bits of
information received by two or more senses, which
sense tends to dominate the others in humans?

• A) hearing.
• B) vision.
• C) smell.
• D) none, they all work together equally.

15
8. When asked to estimate the distances of white
disks under clear or foggy conditions, people

• A) judged them to be closer when viewed in the
  fog than in the sunshine.
• B) found it impossible to make any distance
  estimates under foggy conditions.
• C) judged the disks to be the same distance away
  whether viewed under clear or foggy conditions.
• D) judged the disks to be farther away when
  viewed in the fog than when viewed in the
  sunshine.

16
9. The tendency to hear the steady drip of a
leaky faucet as if it were a repeating rhythm of
two or more beats best illustrates

• A) perceptual constancy.
• B) the phi phenomenon.
• C) perceptual organization.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

17
10. When listening to rock music played
backward, people often perceive an evil message
only if specifically forewarned what to listen
for. This best illustrates the dangers of

• A) bottom-up processing.
• B) feature detection.
• C) perceptual set.
• D) the phi phenomenon.

18
11. The greatest difficulty facing contemporary
parapsychology is the

• A) inability to subject claims of ESP to
  scientific testing.
• B) lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon.
• C) willingness of most parapsychologists to
  knowingly accept fraudulent evidence.
• D) difficulty of persuading many people that
  there really is such a thing as ESP.

19
12. Although college textbooks frequently cast a
trapezoidal image on the retina, students
typically perceive the books as rectangular
objects. This illustrates the importance of

• A) interposition.
• B) size constancy.
• C) linear perspective.
• D) shape constancy.

20
13. Which of the following cues do artists use to
convey depth on a flat canvas?

• A) convergence.
• B) interposition.
• C) continuity.
• D) closure.

21
14. When the moon is near the horizon, it appears
larger than when it is high in the sky. This
effect is primarily a result of

• A) the slightly dimmer appearance of the horizon
  moon.
• B) the scattering of the horizon moons light
  waves, which penetrate the atmosphere at an
  angle.
• C) distance cues, which make the horizon moon
  seem farther away.
• D) the brighter appearance of the horizon moon.

22
15. It has been suggested that experience with
the corners of buildings and the rectangular
shapes of a carpentered world may contribute to

• A) the Ponzo illusion.
• B) shape constancy.
• C) the moon illusion.
• D) the Müller-Lyer illusion.

23
16. As the retinal image of a horse galloping
toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that
the horse will appear to grow larger. This best
illustrates the phenomenon of

• A) visual capture.
• B) size constancy.
• C) closure.
• D) convergence.

24
17. Retinal disparity refers to the

• A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming
  together in the distance.
• B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each
  other as parts of a unified object.
• C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive
  of the same object.
• D) extent to which our eyes turn toward each
  other when looking at an object.

25
18. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in
order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole
object is called

• A) closure.
• B) constancy.
• C) interposition.
• D) convergence.

26
19. The perception of the letter t as two
intersecting lines rather than as four
nonintersecting lines illustrates the principle
of

• A) convergence.
• B) proximity.
• C) closure.
• D) continuity.

27
20. The organizational principles identified by
Gestalt psychologists best illustrate the
importance of

• A) perceptual constancy.
• B) retinal disparity.
• C) top-down processing.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

28
21. Gestalt psychologists emphasize that

• A) perception is the same as sensation.
• B) the whole is more than the sum of its parts.
• C) we learn to perceive the world through
  experience.
• D) sensation has no effect on perception.

29
22. The perception of an object as distinct from
its surroundings is called

• A) perceptual set.
• B) perceptual constancy.
• C) figure-ground perception.
• D) the phi-phenomenon.

30
23. Human factors psychologists would be most
likely to aid in the design of

• A) computer keyboards.
• B) weight-reduction programs.
• C) protective clothing.
• D) classroom management techniques.

31
24. The illusion of movement in animated neon
signs is known as

• A) interposition.
• B) relative motion.
• C) retinal disparity.
• D) the phi phenomenon.

32
25. As she gazed down from a bridge at the
rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as thought she
were moving. Her experience best illustrates the
phenomenon of

• A) retinal disparity.
• B) perceptual adaptation.
• C) location constancy.
• D) visual capture.

33
Congratulations!
34
Answers
Stop here, or continue as a review
35
1. Our inability to consciously perceive all the
sensory information available to us at any single
point in time best illustrates the necessity of

• A) perceptual constancy.
• B) selective attention.
• C) perceptual adaptation.
• D) retinal disparity.

237
36
2. While a student provided directions to a
construction worker, two experimenters rudely
interrupted by passing between them carrying a
door. The students failure to notice the worker
was replaced by a different person illustrates

• A) retinal disparity.
• B) visual capture.
• C) change blindness.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

239
37
3. When the soundtrack for a movie is played in
the back of a classroom, students tend to
perceive the sound as originating from the
picture screen in front of the room. This best
illustrates

• A) visual capture.
• B) location constancy.
• C) the phi phenomenon.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

242
38
4. Participants in an experiment were told to
listen to and repeat a prose passage played in
one ear, while a novel tune was played in their
other ear. The results of this experiment
indicated that the participants

• A) suffered a sense of discomfort.
• B) were able to identify exactly which tune had
  been played.
• C) produced an increasing level of alpha waves
  while exposed to music.
• D) showed in increase in their liking for the
  novel tune.

260
39
Because she was listening to the news on the
radio, Mrs. Schulte didnt perceive a word of
what her husband was saying. Her experience best
illustrates

• A) perceptual adaptation.
• B) the cocktail party effect.
• C) perceptual constancy.
• D) the phi phenomenon.

238
40
6. The Müller-Lyer illusion involves the
misperception of

• A) figure-ground relationships.
• B) relative clarity.
• C) binocular distance cues.
• D) the length of lines.

251
41
7. When there is a conflict between bits of
information received by two or more senses, which
sense tends to dominate the others in humans?

• A) hearing.
• B) vision.
• C) smell.
• D) none, they all work together equally.

242
42
8. When asked to estimate the distances of white
disks under clear or foggy conditions, people

• A) judged them to be closer when viewed in the
  fog than in the sunshine.
• B) found it impossible to make any distance
  estimates under foggy conditions.
• C) judged the disks to be the same distance away
  whether viewed under clear or foggy conditions.
• D) judged the disks to be farther away when
  viewed in the fog than when viewed in the
  sunshine.

242
43
9. The tendency to hear the steady drip of a
leaky faucet as if it were a repeating rhythm of
two or more beats best illustrates

• A) perceptual constancy.
• B) the phi phenomenon.
• C) perceptual organization.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

242
44
10. When listening to rock music played
backward, people often perceive an evil message
only if specifically forewarned what to listen
for. This best illustrates the dangers of

• A) bottom-up processing.
• B) feature detection.
• C) perceptual set.
• D) the phi phenomenon.

257
45
11. The greatest difficulty facing contemporary
parapsychology is the

• A) inability to subject claims of ESP to
  scientific testing.
• B) lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon.
• C) willingness of most parapsychologists to
  knowingly accept fraudulent evidence.
• D) difficulty of persuading many people that
  there really is such a thing as ESP.

267
46
12. Although college textbooks frequently cast a
trapezoidal image on the retina, students
typically perceive the books as rectangular
objects. This illustrates the importance of

• A) interposition.
• B) size constancy.
• C) linear perspective.
• D) shape constancy.

250
47
13. Which of the following cues do artists use to
convey depth on a flat canvas?

• A) convergence.
• B) interposition.
• C) continuity.
• D) closure.

246
48
14. When the moon is near the horizon, it appears
larger than when it is high in the sky. This
effect is primarily a result of

• A) the slightly dimmer appearance of the horizon
  moon.
• B) the scattering of the horizon moons light
  waves, which penetrate the atmosphere at an
  angle.
• C) distance cues, which make the horizon moon
  seem farther away.
• D) the brighter appearance of the horizon moon.

251
49
15. It has been suggested that experience with
the corners of buildings and the rectangular
shapes of a carpentered world may contribute to

• A) the Ponzo illusion.
• B) shape constancy.
• C) the moon illusion.
• D) the Müller-Lyer illusion.

251
50
16. As the retinal image of a horse galloping
toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that
the horse will appear to grow larger. This best
illustrates the phenomenon of

• A) visual capture.
• B) size constancy.
• C) closure.
• D) convergence.

250
51
17. Retinal disparity refers to the

• A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming
  together in the distance.
• B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each
  other as parts of a unified object.
• C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive
  of the same object.
• D) extent to which our eyes turn toward each
  other when looking at an object.

246
52
18. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in
order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole
object is called

• A) closure.
• B) constancy.
• C) interposition.
• D) convergence.

244
53
19. The perception of the letter t as two
intersecting lines rather than as four
nonintersecting lines illustrates the principle
of

• A) convergence.
• B) proximity.
• C) closure.
• D) continuity.

244
54
20. The organizational principles identified by
Gestalt psychologists best illustrate the
importance of

• A) perceptual constancy.
• B) retinal disparity.
• C) top-down processing.
• D) perceptual adaptation.

243
55
21. Gestalt psychologists emphasize that

• A) perception is the same as sensation.
• B) the whole is more than the sum of its parts.
• C) we learn to perceive the world through
  experience.
• D) sensation has no effect on perception.

243
56
22. The perception of an object as distinct from
its surroundings is called

• A) perceptual set.
• B) perceptual constancy.
• C) figure-ground perception.
• D) the phi-phenomenon.

243
57
23. Human factors psychologists would be most
likely to aid in the design of

• A) computer keyboards.
• B) weight-reduction programs.
• C) protective clothing.
• D) classroom management techniques.

261
58
24. The illusion of movement in animated neon
signs is known as

• A) interposition.
• B) relative motion.
• C) retinal disparity.
• D) the phi phenomenon.

250
59
25. As she gazed down from a bridge at the
rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as thought she
were moving. Her experience best illustrates the
phenomenon of

• A) retinal disparity.
• B) perceptual adaptation.
• C) location constancy.
• D) visual capture.

244
60
Acknowledgements

• Step Up Created by
• John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition by
• David Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers, 2006

61
Answers
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. D
16. B
17. C
18. A
19. D
20. C
21. B
22. C
23. A
24. D
25. D