Molecules of Life Biomolecules

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Molecules of LifeBiomolecules
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• Monomers simplest subunits, building blocks
• Polymers repeating monomers

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• Monomers join to form polymers through the
  process of condensation (removing a water
  molecule)
• Condensation is also known as polymerization!

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• Hydrolysis breaking down polymers (adding a
  water molecule)

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4 classes of Life Substances

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids

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Journal 1

• Why might a coach tell an athlete to eat pasta
  the night before an athletic event?
• What major class of bio-molecules is pasta a part
  of?

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Carbohydrates (Carbs)

• Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
• Used by cells to provide ENERGY
• Fuel for the cell

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Carbs continued

• Monomer is called a monosaccharide
• Polymer is called a polysaccharide
• Examples
• Monosaccharide glucose
• Polysaccharide starch in plants, glycogen in
  animals

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Journal 2

• List anything that you associate with protein.
• What does your list have in common?

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Proteins

• Functions
• forms muscle tissue
• transport oxygen in blood
• provide immunity (antibodies)
• carry out chemical reactions (enzymes)
• Receptors

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Proteins Continued

• Monomer amino acid
• Polymer polypeptide
• (3 or more amino acids)
• Polypeptides are formed by peptide bonds.

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• Polypeptides are formed by peptide bonds

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Levels of Protein Structure
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• There are about 20 common amino acids that are
  the building blocks of 1000s of different
  proteins.
• Journal 3 How can this be??? Propose an
  explanation.

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• Some amino acids are acidic, others are basic,
  and some are neutral. Polar/nonpolar
• This causes the amino acids to interact in
  different ways to each other. Some attract, some
  repel.
• Unique
• properties
• unique shapes
• unique functions

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• Based on the unique sequence of the amino acids
  in a particular polypeptide the protein will
  fold in a particular way.
• With 20 different amino acids, the variety of
  sequences and shapes that will result is
  limitless!!!

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• Enzymes a special class of proteins
• Function Increase the rate of a reaction by
  lowering the amount of energy required for the
  reaction to take place.
• PLEASE CAREFULLY READ AND UNDERSTAND PAGE 162 of
  your text book (B) Biology The dynamics of Life
  (Whale cover)

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Lets Review.

• What is a monomer?
• What is a polymer?
• What is the building block of Carbohydrates?
• What is the building block of Proteins?

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Lipids

• Monomers fatty acids, glycerol
• Polymer trigylcerides, phospholipids, wax

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• Used for long term energy storage, insulation,
  and protective coverings.
• Examples- Fats, oils, waxes

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Journal

• How is information passed along in cells???
• What codes for everything????

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Nucleic Acids

• Store hereditary information in a code
• Monomer nucleotide

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Nucleic Acids

• Polymers DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
• RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

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• The end of todays lesson.
• Time to Review!!!